Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the brain after peripheral injection of subseptic doses of lipopolysaccharide in the rat

Quan, Ning; Stern, Edra L; Whiteside, Michael B; Herkenham, Miles

doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00193-3

Cited by 220 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To determine the importance of these two cytokines in controlling the number of rod-shaped leukocytes, we injected LPS to mice deficient or not in TNF and/or IL-1␤ and collected their brains 6 h later for histological analysis. As previously reported (Nadeau and Rivest, 1999;Quan et al, 1999), LPS strongly induced the expression of both cytokines in the brains of wild-type mice, predominantly along the leptomeninges and some blood vessels (Fig. 6a,b).…”

Section: Regulation Of Rod-shaped Leukocytes By Tnf and Il-1␤supporting

confidence: 87%

Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2

Audoy-Rémus¹,

Richard²,

Soulet³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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The nervous system is constantly infiltrated by blood-derived sentinels known as perivascular macrophages. Their immediate precursors have not yet been identified in situ and the mechanism that governs their recruitment is mostly unknown. Here, we provide evidence that CD68 ϩ GR1 Ϫ monocytes can give rise to perivascular macrophages in mice suffering from endotoxemia. After adhesion to the endothelium, these monocytes start to crawl, adopt a rod-shaped morphology when passing through capillaries, and can manifest the ability to proliferate and form a long cytoplasmic protuberance. They are attracted in greater numbers during endotoxemia by a combination of vasoregulatory molecules, including TNF (tumor necrosis factor), interleukin-1␤, and angiopoietin-2. After a period of several hours, some of them cross the endothelium to expand the population of perivascular macrophages. Depletion of adherent monocytes and perivascular macrophages can be achieved by injection of anti-angiopoietin-2 peptide-Fc fusion protein. This study extends our understanding of the behavior of monocytes at the blood-brain interface and provides a way to block their infiltration into the nervous tissue under inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Regulation Of Rod-shaped Leukocytes By Tnf and Il-1␤supporting

confidence: 87%

Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2

Audoy-Rémus¹,

Richard²,

Soulet³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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“…The demonstration of iNOS, one of the mediators of IL-1β and TNF-α (Kim et al, 2004), favors the local synthesis of these inflammatory cytokines by the CPE. If the CPE is the site of cytokines production, the selectivity of expression in the CPE relative to other regions of the brain may reflect a variable response to systemic proinflammatory stimuli (Quan et al, 1999). Such a response would be similar to the variability in the degree and duration of metabolic and oxidative stress and the degree and duration of dysregulation of the neuroinflammatory cytokines, as was reported for the plasma inflammatory cytokines during the correction of DKA .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neuroinflammatory response of the choroid plexus epithelium in fatal diabetic ketoacidosis

Hoffman

Casanova

Cudrici

et al. 2007

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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A systemic inflammatory response (SIR) occurs prior to and during the treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). IL-1β, TNF-α and C5b-9 are components of SIR and have been speculated to be involved in the clinical brain edema (BE) of DKA. We studied IL-1β, TNF-α, C5b-9, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), ICAM-1, IL-10 and Hsp70 expression in the brains of two patients who died as the result of clinical BE during the treatment of DKA. IL-1β was strongly expressed in the choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) and ependyma, and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus, caudate, white matter radiation of the pons, molecular layer of the cerebellum and neurons of the cortical gray matter. TNF-α was expressed to a lesser extent than IL-1 β, and only in the CP. C5b-9, previously shown to be deposited on neurons and oligodendrocytes, was found on CPE and ependymal cells. iNOS and ICAM-1 had increased expression in the CPE and ependyma. Hsp70 and IL-10 were also expressed in the CPE of the case with the shorter duration of treatment. Our data demonstrates the presence of a multifaceted neuroinflammatory cytotoxic insult of the CPE, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of the fatal brain edema of DKA.

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“…56,57 Moreover, cells in CVOs express I-B and IL-1␤ mRNA after injection of low doses of LPS which do not induce these mRNAs at the BBB. 58 This indicates that the source of a peripheral IL-1 and TNF-␣ signal propagation is predominantly at the level of CVOs. At later time points after peripheral LPS injection, iNOS mRNA expression is found at the edge of CVOs together with a second wave of IL-1␤ induction in microglia of the parenchyma adjacent to CVOs (Figure 2).…”

Section: Systemically Elicited Cytokine Signalingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

et al. 2000

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Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF␣) are proinflammatory cytokines that are constitutively expressed in healthy, adult brain where they mediate normal neural functions such as sleep. They are neuromodulators expressed by and acting on neurons and glia. IL-1 and TNF␣ expression is upregulated in several important diseases/disorders. Upregulation of IL-1 and/or TNF␣ expression, elicited centrally or systemically, propagates through brain parenchyma following specific spatio-temporal patterns. We propose that cytokine signals propagate along neuronal projections and extracellular diffusion pathways by molecular cascades that need to be further elucidated. This elucidation is a prerequisite for better understanding of reciprocal interactions between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 604-615.

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Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the brain after peripheral injection of subseptic doses of lipopolysaccharide in the rat

Cited by 220 publications

References 21 publications

Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2

Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2

Neuroinflammatory response of the choroid plexus epithelium in fatal diabetic ketoacidosis

Cytokine signals propagate through the brain

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