INDUCTION OF OVERCOMPENSATION IN THE FIELD GENTIAN,<i>GENTIANELLA CAMPESTRIS</i>

Lennartsson, Tommy; Nilsson, Patric; Tuomi, Juha

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1061:iooitf]2.0.co;2

Cited by 164 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the plants' ability to compensate for lost biomass (plant tolerance) depends on environmental factors such as light, nutrient and water supply (Cronin and Lodge 2003;Maschinski and Whitham 1989). Plant tolerance may thus vary both in space and time (Lennartsson et al 1998), and interannual variability in local climate may interact with grazing to affect plant population dynamics (Evju et al 2010), e.g. through a larger reduction in population growth rate in unfavorable years in grazed versus ungrazed populations (Bastrenta et al 1995;Martorell 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

et al. 2011

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An improved understanding of population-level consequences of grazing on plants can be facilitated by an assessment of grazing effects on all stages in the life-cycle. In this study, 6 years of demographic data for three populations of the perennial herb Geranium sylvaticum were analysed. We examined the effects of sheep grazing (high sheep density, low sheep density and no sheep) and interannual climatic variability on vital rates and population growth rates (k). Grazing did not affect survival or flowering rates, but reduced rates of growth and increased rates of clonal reproduction. At the population level, high contributions from retrogression and clonal reproduction buffered reduced rates of growth and stasis, and no consistent differences in k between populations exposed to different sheep densities were found. Instead, large betweenyear variability in k, independent of sheep density, was detected, related to variation in the local summer climate. The results indicated, however, that grazing effects on k were more severe in unfavourable than in normal years. Our study highlights that increased clonal reproduction rates functioned as a tolerance mechanism towards grazing in this herb, which forms a mechanism to explain how moderate population responses to grazing in some herbs can arise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

et al. 2011

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“…If available resources dictate that only a single cut is to be made, the timing of that cut is critical in determining whether seed production will be prevented. In general, plants clipped early in the growing season are more likely to compensate in growth and/or reproduction (Maschinski and Whitham 1989;Bergelson and Crawley 1992;Mutikainen et al 1994;Bergelson et al 1996;Lennartsson et al 1998). If clipping occurs later in the growing season, plants often have insufficient time for compensatory growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

McKague

Cappuccino

2005

Can Field Nat

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The growth and reproduction of Pale Swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum rossicum, were investigated following differentially timed above-ground tissue loss by clipping throughout the growing season in Ottawa, Canada. If clipping occurred early in the growing season (before June), mature plants were able to compensate in height but not in biomass or reproductive output when compared to uncut controls. This compensation in height did not seem to come at the expense of below-ground storage tissue; there was no significant difference in root mass among the control and treatment conditions. Final plant height, mass, and reproduction declined as plants were cut later in the season. Pale Swallow-wort seedlings clipped before June were able to compensate in height when compared to uncut controls. Unlike mature plants, this compensation in height did come at the expense of root mass. As the clipping treatment was performed later into the growing season, both final plant height and shoot mass decreased, while root mass increased. The best time for controlling the population spread of Pale Swallow-wort using a single cutting treatment was on or near 26 June. Plants cut earlier than this date were able resprout and produce seeds; those cut after had already produced seeds that appeared viable and may be able to germinate if the cut stems were left in the field. When a single cutting or mowing treatment is to be employed for controlling Pale Swallow-wort, we recommend cutting after the first fruits are produced but before they are fully developed.

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“…For example, Bergelson and Crawley (1992) and Bergelson et al (1996) criticized the suggestion by Paige and Whitham (1987) that the herb Ipomopsis aggregata may benefit from its ungulate herbivores, and attributed their finding of benefits to methodological limitations. However, more recent studies in different experimental designs in this (Paige 1999) and other systems (Lennartsson et al 1998;Rautio et al 2005) provide more solid support for overcompensation. According to Järemo et al (1999), differences in fitness definitions may account for the apparent discrepancy between the existence of overcompensation and the fact that plants cannot benefit directly from their consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The smallest and largest ones were not included into the experiment, so the finding of positive effect of clipping on S. maximum reproductive performance is not universal. In order to make the results more generally applicable, however, I did not restricted the experimental groups to single-sized individuals, as Lennartsson et al (1998) did, but tried to use individuals from a range of initial sizes and then to control for individual size, using it as a covariate in the statistical analyses. Paige (1999) took the same approach in another study on overcompensation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcompensation in response to simulated herbivory in the perennial herb Sedum maximum

Olejniczak

2011

Plant Ecol

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A positive effect of herbivory on plant reproduction (overcompensation) has been documented mostly in monocarpic plants. Iteroparous perennials can be used to test whether enhanced reproduction in 1 year has negative future consequences as predicted by optimal allocation models. This study was intended to verify this prediction in the iteroparous herb Sedum maximum, applying mechanically simulated herbivory. I monitored 132 labelled S. maximum individuals during 2 years of study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: clipped and control. Infructescence dry mass, total seed dry mass, seed size, germination rate and an increase of root dry mass during the season were assessed in the experimental plants. Since only roots can survive to the next season, root dry mass was considered a reliable measure of allocation to future performance. Clipped plants showed increased fruit and seed dry mass versus the controls, with no other aspect of reproduction affected. Apical bud removal also had a positive effect on increase of root dry mass. The results indicate true overcompensation in response to simulated herbivory with no future costs of increased reproduction. Moreover, increased plant reproduction as a result of herbivory is likely to persist in the following years: clipping increased not only seed production but also root growth. This response is inconsistent with the results of optimal allocation models and the discrepancy is probably due to violation of the resource limitation assumption. Plants adapted to tolerate herbivory seem not to reproduce at the maximum rate when undamaged, but rather withhold resources to be allocated to reproduction after herbivory.

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INDUCTION OF OVERCOMPENSATION IN THE FIELD GENTIAN,GENTIANELLA CAMPESTRIS

Abstract: We present field evidence for the induction of overcompensation, or increased fruit and seed yield as a consequence of damage, in the grassland biennial field gentian,

Cited by 164 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

Effects of sheep grazing and temporal variability on population dynamics of the clonal herb Geranium sylvaticum in an alpine habitat

Response of Pale Swallow-wort, <em>Vincetoxicum rossicum</em>, following Aboveground Tissue Loss: Implications for the Timing of Mechanical Control

Overcompensation in response to simulated herbivory in the perennial herb Sedum maximum

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