Induction of opsonophagocytic killing activity with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Ugandan adults

Abstract

The levels of IgG determined by ELISA may have limited relevance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults because of nonfunctional antibodies. 58HIV-1-infected and 29 HIV-uninfected Ugandan adults were immunized with conjugate vaccine (CV) followed by polysaccharide vaccine (PV) after a two-month interval, and the opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) titers against serotype 4 or 14 pneumococcal strains as well as the levels of serotype-specific IgG in sera were determined.Significant increases were found in the OPK titers and IgG levels for both serotypes after CV vaccination irrespective of HIV status. Increases in IgG levels and OPK titers were largely dependent on the CD4 + cell counts, except for increases in the IgG levels for serotype 4. The proportions with serum OPK titer equal to or greater than 8 were 0-4.3% for serotype 4 and 26.7-42.9% for serotype 14 before vaccination, but the proportions increased up to 43.3-86.2% for serotype 4 and 63.3-96.6% for serotype 14 in all three groups 2 months after CV vaccination. The serum OPK titers remained at levels higher than the pre-vaccination level for at least 8 months after CV vaccination. A

Association of time since pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine receipt and CD4 count with antibody response to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults

“…7,[9][10][11] Thus, administering a single dose of PCV-13 at low CD4 counts may not provide optimal protection. Conjugate vaccine were developed because they can activate CD4 cells and consequently elicit a T-cell dependent B cell response resulting in memory B cells.…”

Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected individuals

“…Studies that included a PCV-vaccinated HIV-uninfected group as a control consistently detected a better antibody response in HIV-uninfected than in HIV-infected individuals 69 , 70 , 74 , 75 , 77 . An exception was the study by Chen, et al where no difference in GMCs for serotype 4 between the HIV-infected and –uninfected groups was detected at any timepoint, although only two serotypes (4 and 14) were evaluated 75 …”

“…Even though the interval between vaccines appears to play a role, evidences of inducing anamnestic responses are sparse 70 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 76 , 78 . In a study in Denmark where HIV-infected adults were immunized twice 3 mo apart with double the standard dose of PCV7 and received PPV nine months after the first-PCV7 dose, GMCs did not increase at one month post-PPV compared with one month post-second PCV dose levels.…”

Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of polysaccharide and protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccines among the elderly aged 80 years or older in Japan: An open-labeled randomized study

“…The quality control serum used in each assay was prepared from the pooled sera of adults vaccinated with PPV23 or PCV7. The opsonization index (OI) was defined as the serum dilution capable of killing 50% of the bacteria, which was determined by using opsotiter3 software according to the WHO protocol (a detailed version of this protocol is available at www.vaccine.uab.edu/UAB-MOPA.pdf) [11]. Laboratory analysis, ELISA, and a multiplexed opsonophagocytic killing assay were performed by members who were blinded to vaccine allocation.…”