Induction of morphological changes in Ustilago maydis cells by octyl gallate

Sierra-Campos, Erick; Valdez-Solana, Mónica; Matuz-Mares, Deyamira; Velázquez, Isabel; Pardo, Juan Pablo

doi:10.1099/mic.0.020800-0

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, AOX inhibitors, such as BHAM, have the effect to enhance the activity of Kre-Me (or other MRC inhibitors) when co-applied. The OG-based chemosensitization to Kre-Me, performed in this study, indicated that the AOX-inhibitory activity of OG (Sierra-Campos et al, 2009; Robles-Martinez et al, 2013) is much higher than that of the conventional AOX inhibitor, BHAM. Noteworthy is that the efficacy of OG-based chemosensitization to Kre-Me (which was “synergistic”) was higher compared to the prior chemosensitization test with “2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (phenolic) + antimycin A (MRC inhibitor)” (Kim et al, 2011), in which the level of compound interaction was “additive/indifferent” but not “synergistic.”…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to examine two benzo analogs, octylgallate (OG) and veratraldehyde (VT), as antifungal agents against strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and A.flavus (toxigenic or atoxigenic). Both toxigenic and atoxigenic strains used were capable of producing kojic acid, another cellular secondary product. A. fumigatus was used as a genetic model for this study. When applied independently, OG exhibits considerably higher antifungal activity compared to VT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OG were 0.3–0.5 mM, while that of VT were 3.0–5.0 mM in agar plate-bioassays. OG or VT in concert with the fungicide kresoxim methyl (Kre-Me; strobilurin) greatly enhanced sensitivity of Aspergillus strains to Kre-Me. The combination with OG also overcame the tolerance of A. fumigatus mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants to Kre-Me. The degree of compound interaction resulting from chemosensitization of the fungi by OG was determined using checkerboard bioassays, where synergistic activity greatly lowered MICs or minimum fungicidal concentrations. However, the control chemosensitizer benzohydroxamic acid, an alternative oxidase inhibitor conventionally applied in concert with strobilurin, did not achieve synergism. The level of antifungal or chemosensitizing activity was also “compound—strain” specific, indicating differential susceptibility of tested strains to OG or VT, and/or heat stress. Besides targeting the antioxidant system, OG also negatively affected the cell wall-integrity pathway, as determined by the inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall-integrity MAPK pathway mutants. We concluded that certain benzo analogs effectively inhibit fungal growth. They possess chemosensitizing capability to increase efficacy of Kre-Me and thus, could reduce effective dosages of strobilurins and alleviate negative side effects associated with current antifungal practices. OG also exhibits moderate antiaflatoxigenic activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

et al. 2014

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“…The antifungal effects of gallate compounds in yeast cells expressing AOX, assumed to be due to the pro-oxidant action and not to their antioxidant capacity, induce a morphological change and collapse of the ΔΨ m (Sierra-Campos et al . 2009). It is well known that AOX inhibitors (such as SHAM) increase mitochondrial ROS production in organisms that possess AOX and that this increase is deleterious to the cells (Mlejnek, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative oxidase inhibitors as antiparasitic agents against scuticociliatosis

2014

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Philasterides dicentrarchi causes a severe disease in turbot, and at present there are no drugs available to treat infected fish. We have previously demonstrated that, in addition to the classical respiratory pathway, P. dicentrarchi possesses an alternative mitochondrial respiratory pathway that is cyanide-insensitive and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive. In this study, we found that during the initial phase of growth in normoxia, ciliate respiration is sensitive to the natural polyphenol resveratrol (RESV) and to Antimycin A (AMA). However, under hypoxic conditions, the parasite utilizes AMA-insensitive respiration, which is completely inhibited by RESV and by the antioxidant propyl gallate (PG), an alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor. PG caused significantly dose-dependent inhibition of the in vitro growth of the parasite under normoxia and hypoxia and an over-expression of heat shock proteins of the Hsp70 subfamily. RESV and PG may affect the protective role of the AOX against mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to an impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dysfunction, which the parasite attempts to neutralize by increasing the expression of Hsp70. In view of the antiparasitic effects induced by AOX inhibitors and the absence of AOX in their host, this enzyme constitutes a potential target for the development of new drugs against scuticociliatosis.

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“…The mode of antifungal action of OG has been discussed in prior studies, where: (i) OG interrupts or disorganizes the lipid bilayer-protein interface in fungal cells [30]; and (ii) OG functions as a pro-oxidant (redox-active oxidative stressor), thus triggering cytotoxicity in fungi [31]. We speculate that, in addition to destabilizing cell wall integrity, disruption of cellular components by the pro-oxidant characteristic of OG could also be one mechanism of action for the enhancement of CAS activity during OG-mediated chemosensitization.…”

Section: Octyl Gallate Debilitates Antioxidant Mutants During Chemosementioning

confidence: 99%

Octyl Gallate as an Intervention Catalyst to Augment Antifungal Efficacy of Caspofungin

Kim¹,

Chan²,

Cheng³

2018

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Filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp. are opportunistic pathogens, which cause highly invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Control of such fungal pathogens is increasingly problematic due to the small number of effective drugs available for treatment. Moreover, the increased incidence of fungal resistance to antifungal agents makes this problem a global human health issue. The cell wall integrity system of fungi is the target of antimycotic drugs echinocandins, such as caspofungin (CAS). However, echinocandins cannot completely inhibit the growth of filamentous fungal pathogens, which results in survival/escape of fungi during treatment. Chemosensitization was developed as an alternative intervention strategy, where co-application of CAS with the intervention catalyst octyl gallate (OG; chemosensitizer) greatly enhanced CAS efficacy, thus achieved ≥99.9% elimination of filamentous fungi in vitro. Based on hypersensitive responses of Aspergillus antioxidant mutants to OG, it is hypothesized that, besides destabilizing cell wall integrity, the redox-active characteristic of OG may further debilitate the fungal antioxidant system.

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Induction of morphological changes in Ustilago maydis cells by octyl gallate

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

Alternative oxidase inhibitors as antiparasitic agents against scuticociliatosis

Octyl Gallate as an Intervention Catalyst to Augment Antifungal Efficacy of Caspofungin

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