Induction of MMP-3 by Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides in Temporomandibular Joint Chondrocytes

Abstract

Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA) is often increased in osteoarthritic joints; however, its biological function in cartilage has not been clarified. We hypothesize that LMW-HA causes the catabolic activation of chondrocytes through its interaction with CD44. Cartilage explants and chondrocytes, derived from bovine temporomandibular joints (TMJ), were examined for matrix loss and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) following treatment with hyaluronan oligosaccharides (HA(oligos)). Hyaluronan and CD44 were uniformly distributed throughout the fibrous and cartilaginous zones of the TMJ condyle. Treatment of cartilage explants with HA(oligos) resulted in cartilage matrix loss with increased secreted caseinolytic activity. HA(oligos) treatment of TMJ chondrocytes resulted in enhanced MMP-3 expression, whereas wash-out of the HA(oligos) in the middle of the experimental period reduced this induction. These results suggest that HA(oligos) activate chondrocytes, resulting in a substantial enhancement of proteinase expression, and the removal of HA(oligos) by wash-out reverses this catabolic activation.

Effects of Chronic Sleep Deprivation on the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway in the Temporomandibular Joint of Rats

“…Upregulation of MMPs is widely known to be closely related to the occurrence and development of TMD [16]–[18]. ERK is highly expressed in large joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) [12], [19].…”

The Mandibular Cartilage Metabolism is Altered by Damaged Subchondral Bone from Traumatic Impact Loading

“…19 On the other hand, the cytokines produced by impact-loading act on subchondral bone as an autocrine mediator, and the cytokines-induced degradation debris of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid, may serve as generated enhancers of the pathological process. 18,31,43 In conclusion, these results demonstrate that when the TMJ is subjected to impact-loading, the vascularized subchondral region increases IL-1b synthesis, subsequently altering the metabolism of adjacent cartilage in the mandibular condyle. These events may eventually result in the onset and progression of TMJ-OA.…”

The effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (Hylan G-F 20) on experimentally induced temporomandibular joint osteoartrosis: part II

“…Exogenous HA increases proliferation and synthesis of the matrix, and regulates the synthesis of PG and collagen by stimulating chondrocytes and synovial cells 17,19 . It has been reported that intra-articular injection of HA into the knee joint with OA increases the thickness of the cartilage and stimulates the anabolic response in the chondrocytes 28 .…”

“…Endogenous HA has been reported to be distributed in the fibrous, mature, and hypertrophic layers and its interaction with specific receptors is effective in the regulation of extracellular matrix haemostasis in the intra-articular cartilage 28 . Although the regulatory molecules that regulate the synthesis of endogenous HA are not completely known, the growth factors and exogenous HA are thought to be involved 8 .…”