Induction of immunosuppression to bacterial antigens in carp, Cyprinus carpio

Abstract

Typical primary antibody responses were found after injecting carp maintained at 25°C with formalin-killed (Fk) Vibrio anguillarwn bacteria, but not in fish injected with the same antigen held at 12" C. There were no significant increases over the primary responses in fish receiving a second injection 60 days after the first injection.The differences in the results between fish groups receiving three V. unguillururn antigens at two dosages were found to be insignificant in most of the experiments. A comparison of the antibody titres of fish groups after challenge with Fk bacteria showed no difference from control fish receiving a single injection similar to the challenge dose or fish receiving a previous injection with the antigens emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at 25" C. However, significant immunosuppression was found in fish that were given the primary injection intracardially at 25" C or 12" C, or with CFA emulsion at 12" C.

Season affects the estrogen system and the immune response of common carp

“…Also, a strong increase in the level of natural, but not specific, antibody levels only appeared in fish (at 12 hpi) during the wintertime. Similar results indicating a decrease of leukocyte numbers and immunosuppression in response to the antigen during winter were published for other fish species including carp (Wishkovsky and Avtalion 1987 ; Saha et al 2002 ; Rijkers and Frederix-Wolters 1980 ). For example, in rainbow trout it was found that phagocytosis, complement lytic activity, respiratory burst activity and opsonization capacity of plasma were higher at 20 °C than at 5–10 °C (Nikoskelainen 2004 ).…”

Stimulation of carp Cyprinus carpio lymphocytes in vitro by the blood fluke Sanguinicola inermis (Trematoda:Sanguinicolidae)

“…For example, Rijkers et al (1980Rijkers et al ( , 1983 found that numbers of primary antibody-producing plaque-forming cells (PFC) in carp maintained at 24OC peaked 9 d after injection with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), compared with an equivalent peak at 49 d post-injection in fish kept at 12°C. Similarly, Wishkovsky & Avtalion (1987) found a typical primary antibody response after injecting carp maintained at 25°C with formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum, but not in fish injected with the same antigen and held at 12OC. It has been suggested from studies on mitogen-induced proliferation of fish leucocytek that temperature-related differences in antibody responses result from a reduced ability of helper cells to process antigens at lower temperatures rather than an inability of antibody-producing cells to prod.uce antibody (Avtalion et al 1976, Cuchens & Clem 1977, Liewes et al 1982), or because accessory or antigen presenting cells such as monocytes and macrophages function less efficiently (Vallejo et al 1992).…”

Variations in antigenicity ofAeromonas hydrophilastrains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum): an association with surface characteristics

“…Certainly, the bacterial cell is a complex antigenic entity (Wishkovsky & Avtalion, 1987), and this was illustrated here by the ability of rabbit antiserum, raised against A. hydrophila 152r, to cross react albeit to a lesser extent with the other colony types. This phenomenon has been recognised previously (Hastings & Ellis, 1988), and demonstrates the limited capacity of the fish immune system, compared to its mammalian counterpart, to respond to complex antigens.…”