Induction of Human β-Defensin 2 by the ProbioticEscherichia coliNissle 1917 Is Mediated through Flagellin

Identification of surface proteins involved in the adhesion of a probiotic Bacillus cereus strain to mucin and fibronectin

“…Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a pivotal role as primary sensors of commensal and pathogen micro-organisms, determining whether host antimicrobial defences are triggered or not (Pandey & Agrawal, 2006;Vinderola et al, 2005). Flagellins on the surface of probiotic strains have been shown to be responsible for some beneficial effects (Schlee et al, 2007); this may be true in the case of B. cereus CH .…”

Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotics: Characteristics, Selection Criteria and Role in Immunomodulation of Human GI Muccosal Barrier

“…The pretreatment of intestinal (T84) cells with lactic acid-producing bacteria reduced the ability of pathogenic E. coli to inject virulence factors into the cells or to breach the intracellular tight junctions. Adhesion and invasion of an intestinal epithelial cell line (Intestine 407) by adherent invasive E. coli isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) was substantially diminished by co-or preincubation with the probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917 (Wehkamp et al, 2004 ;Schlee et al, 2007). These findings demonstrate that probiotics prevent epithelial injury induced by attaching-effacing bacteria and contributes to an improved mucosal barrier and provide a means of limiting access of enteric pathogens (Sherman et al, 2005).…”

Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease

“…Interestingly, E. coli Nissle was shown to induce defensins as a potential mechanism of action [83]. Moreover, the orally administered antibiotic agent Fig.…”