Induction of dormancy in aphid parasitoids: implications for enhancing their field effectiveness

Polgár, László; Darvas, B.; Völkl, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)09003-p

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In winter, they can exploit anholocyclic aphid populations, which reproduce asexually throughout the year (Polg ar et al, 1995;Dedryver et al, 2001). In winter, they can exploit anholocyclic aphid populations, which reproduce asexually throughout the year (Polg ar et al, 1995;Dedryver et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature strongly influences physiological mechanisms in ectotherms such as insects (Bale, 1996(Bale, , 2002Ramløv, 2000;Sinclair et al, 2003), and consequently conditions many behavioural strategies (Hance et al, 2007). Under temperate climates, some insects avoid unfavourable winter conditions by migrating or diapausing, whereas others endure them (Kimura & Beppu, 1993;Polg ar et al, 1995;Danks, 2005Danks, , 2006Colinet et al, 2010). In addition to the climatic constraint, active organisms must also deal with another winter challenge: the resources essential for their survival are often less readily available (Danks, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insect parasitoids of cereal aphids were considered in the present study. In winter, they can exploit anholocyclic aphid populations, which reproduce asexually throughout the year (Polg ar et al, 1995;Dedryver et al, 2001). Host abundance reaches a seasonal peak in spring and summer, and then drastically declines in winter due to lower reproductive rates (Dixon, 1987;Krespi et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variations of host resources influence foraging strategy in parasitoids

Eoche‐Bosy

Outreman

Andrade

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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International audienceMany species have to cope with decreased resource availability and life expectancy during winter. The optimal foraging theory predicts that under these conditions, generalist foraging strategies should be favoured, via the acceptance of suboptimal resources. In contrast, during favourable seasons, specialist foraging strategies, i.e., a preferential consumption of the most profitable resources, should be favoured instead. Although spatial and fine-scale temporal dimensions of the influence of resource distribution on foraging strategies have long been studied in individual species, guild-level, large-scale temporal approaches (over multiple seasons) have rarely been considered. Parasitoids that can remain active during winter are an interesting model system which allows direct testing of resource profitability and reaching conclusions about foraging strategies from an evolutionary point of view. Here, we analysed how temporal variations of host resource availability in northwestern France impact the foraging strategies of parasitoid wasps. The foraging behaviours of dominant cereal aphid parasitoid species in relation to the two most abundant aphid host species were observed in winter and in spring. Because of a seasonal change in the host–parasitoid community and of a few species present in the fields each season, we were unable to confirm our hypothesis at the species level for all the studied species. Nevertheless, this study brought results consistent with our assumptions at the guild level, indicating that different species of a guild favour similar foraging strategies. In winter, female parasitoids generally adopted an opportunistic strategy, accepting all aphid hosts encountered, even if they were suboptimal. In spring, parasitoids displayed a specialist strategy by selecting preferentially a host species, but the better quality of preferentially selected species remains to be fully demonstrated

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variations of host resources influence foraging strategy in parasitoids

Eoche‐Bosy

Outreman

Andrade

et al. 2016

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Some individuals of L. j. japonica enter prepupal diapause when exposed to very low temperature (0 °C) for 1 or 2 day(s). Such cold‐induction of diapause is also shown to occur in the aphid parasitoid Praon volucre (Pogár et al ., ; Colinet et al ., ). In nature, however, L. j. japonica would be expected to enter diapause in early or mid autumn when temperature ranges between 15 and 18 °C, long before it experiences such cold temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Diapause and cold tolerance inAsian species of the parasitoidLeptopilina(Hymenoptera:Figitidae)

et al. 2013

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Diapause and cold tolerance are essential for temperate insects to pass the winter, with the mechanisms controlling these two traits varying considerably among insects. In the present study, diapause and cold tolerance are compared among three Leptopilina species: Leptopilina japonica Novković & Kimura, Leptopilina victoriae Nordlander and Leptopilina ryukyuensis Novković & Kimura, all larval parasitoids of frugivorous drosophilid flies, with the aim of understanding their climatic adaptations. The first species is divided into the temperate (Leptopilina japonica japonica) and subtropical subspecies (Leptopilina japonica formosana), and the latter two species are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. The temperate subspecies of L. japonica enters prepupal diapause at low temperatures (15 or 18 °C), irrespective of photoperiod, and some individuals enter diapause when exposed to 0 °C for 1 or 2 day(s) or when placed at low humidity. Leptopilina victoriae also shows signs of diapause initiation at 15 °C, although L. ryukyuensis and L. j. formosana from the subtropical regions do not. Preimaginal viability at low temperature (13, 14 or 15 °C) is usually lower in L. victoriae from the tropical regions compared with L. japonica or L. ryukyuensis from the temperate or subtropical regions. Diapausing prepupae of the temperate subspecies appear to be cold tolerant. However, the cold tolerance of nondiapausing prepupae, pupae and adult females varies little among the tropical, subtropical and temperate species or subspecies, and adult males of the temperate subspecies of L. japonica are less cold tolerant than those of the tropical or subtropical species or subspecies. Cold tolerance may be unnecessary, except for diapausing individuals of the temperate species, because nondiapausing individuals appear in warmer seasons.

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“…3 for a summary of all laboratory trials). Polgár et al (1995) proposed an adaptive explanation for this: ovipara presence reliably portends bost shortage, because they deposit eggs that are not susceptible to parasitism. Ovipara parasitism is linked with increased diapause induction in a number of aphidiine species attacking holocyclic hosts, including Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) and Praon volucre (Haliday) on Aphis fabae Scopoli (Polgár et al, 1991), Pauesia unilaehni Gahan on Schizolachnus pineti F. (Polgár et al 1995), and Aphidius ervi Haliday on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Christiansen-Weniger and Hardie 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of Autumnal Morphs of the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) byBinodoxys communis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Buckthorn

Asplen

Wyckhuys

Heimpel

2011

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Ann, Entomol. Soc. Am, 104(5): 935-944 (2011); DOI: 10,1603/AN10172 ABSTRAGT The soybean aphid. Aphis glydnes Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is both heteroecious and holocyclic, seasonally alternating between buckthorn {Rhamnus spp.), (the primary, overwintering host) and soybean, Glydne max (L.) Merr, (the secondary host). Recently, a classical biological control program for this invasive pest has been implemented in Norih America using the Asian aphidiine braconid wasp Binodoxys communis Gaban. Two critical, related questions regarding the overwintering biology of B, communis are 1) does the para.sitoid maintain fidelity to A. glydnes throughout the aphid life cycle and follow it to its primary host; and, if it does, 2) is parasitoid migration facilitated by phoretic movement within buckthorn-specific winged aphids? In the laboratory, we compared B. communis parasitism on several different autumnal morphs of A. glydnes: winged gynoparae (fall migrants) and their oviparous offspring on buckthorn, fourth-instar alatoid nymphs that would form either gynoparae or summer migrants on soybean, and third-instar gynoparous alatoid nymphs on soybean. We also introduced gynoparae and B. communis onto caged buckthorn plants in southeastern Minnesota to examine autumnal parasitism under natural conditions. In both the laboratory and field, parasitism rates of oviparae were much higher than those of gynoparae. In addition, B. communis rarely completed development on fourth-instar alatoid nymphs. Although wasps successfully developed on third-instar gynoparous nymphs, these hosts mummified before forming wings. These results suggest that although at least one buckthorn-specific morph of A. glydnes seems suitable for B. communis parasitism, it is unlikely that alate-mediated dispersal of immature parasitoids is an adaptive strategy to locate Rhamnus in this species.

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Induction of dormancy in aphid parasitoids: implications for enhancing their field effectiveness

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Seasonal variations of host resources influence foraging strategy in parasitoids

Seasonal variations of host resources influence foraging strategy in parasitoids

Diapause and cold tolerance inAsian species of the parasitoidLeptopilina(Hymenoptera:Figitidae)

Parasitism of Autumnal Morphs of the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) byBinodoxys communis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Buckthorn

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