Induction of Defense-Related Enzymes and Pathogenesis-Related Proteins Imparts Resistance to Barley Genotypes Against Spot Blotch Disease

Kaur, Sukhjeet; Bhardwaj, Ruchika; Kaur, Jaspal; Kaur, Simarpreet

doi:10.1007/s00344-021-10333-2

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The activity of PAL increases with the infection in several pathosystems (You et al 2020). PAL activity in the leaves of resistant cultivars of barley genotypes increased against infection spot blotch pathogen B. sorokiniana (Kaur et al 2021). Resistant reaction mainly occurs due to the defense of the cell walls by lignin intensification and the cell wall-bound phenolic compounds accumulation (Jun et al 2018).…”

Section: Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (Pal) Role In Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

How do plants defend themselves against pathogens-Biochemical mechanisms and genetic interventions

Kaur

Samota

Choudhary

et al. 2022

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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166

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In agro-ecosystem, plant pathogens hamper food quality, crop yield, and global food security. Manipulation of naturally occurring defense mechanisms in host plants is an effective and sustainable approach for plant disease management. Various natural compounds, ranging from cell wall components to metabolic enzymes have been reported to protect plants from infection by pathogens and hence provide specific resistance to hosts against pathogens, termed as induced resistance. It involves various biochemical components, that play an important role in molecular and cellular signaling events occurring either before (elicitation) or after pathogen infection. The induction of reactive oxygen species, activation of defensive machinery of plants comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative components, secondary metabolites, pathogenesis-related protein expression (e.g. chitinases and glucanases), phytoalexin production, modification in cell wall composition, melatonin production, carotenoids accumulation, and altered activity of polyamines are major induced changes in host plants during pathogen infection. Hence, the altered concentration of biochemical components in host plants restricts disease development. Such biochemical or metabolic markers can be harnessed for the development of “pathogen-proof” plants. Effective utilization of the key metabolites-based metabolic markers can pave the path for candidate gene identification. This present review discusses the valuable information for understanding the biochemical response mechanism of plants to cope with pathogens and genomics-metabolomics-based sustainable development of pathogen proof cultivars along with knowledge gaps and future perspectives to enhance sustainable agricultural production.

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Section: Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (Pal) Role In Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

How do plants defend themselves against pathogens-Biochemical mechanisms and genetic interventions

Kaur

Samota

Choudhary

et al. 2022

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

Self Cite

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The PAL activity increases in infection [ 28 ]. Kaur et al [ 29 ] showed that the PAL activity was increased in the leaves of resistant cultivars of barley genotypes infected with spot blotch pathogen B. sorokiniana . The resistant reaction is determined by the defense of the cell walls through lignin intensification and by the accumulation of phenolic compounds around the cell wall [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of the Antioxidative Defense in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Facing Bud Rot Disease in the Coastal Area of Ecuador

Mihai

Guacollantes

Mesias³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Elaeis guineensis Jacq. has gained a reputation in the food industry as an incredible crop capable of supplying the world’s largest edible oil production. In Ecuador, an important oil palm-producing country, this crop is affected in a high percentage by the bud rot disease, which is responsible for palm death. The main objective of the investigation was dedicated to understanding the palm defense mechanism facing bud rot disease, translated in the induction of reactive oxygen species, activation of defensive machinery comprising enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative components, secondary metabolites, carotenoids accumulation in the palm during all stages of disease infection. For this, a survey was conducted in different oil palm plantations in the Esmeraldas province, one of the most representative for its highest incidence of bud rot disease. The survey completed DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and other spectrophotometric analyses to underline the biochemical, biological, and physiological palm response front of bud rot incidence. The palm defense strategy in each disease stage could be represented by the phenolic compound’s involvement, an increment of antioxidant activity, and the high enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The results of the investigation made understandable the palm defense strategy front of this disease, respectively, the antioxidative defense and the palm secondary compounds involved.

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“…Silicon is classified as a functional plant nutrient and contributed to the improvement of plant development and production against many biotic and abiotic stresses (Luyckx et al, 2017b). One of the most important benefits of Si for plants is its role in triggering plant resistance against different fungal and oomycete diseases (Vivancos et al, 2015;Jadhao and Rout, 2020;Kaur et al, 2021). In addition, it promotes plant growth, yield, and fruit physicochemical properties (Farouk et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Si is not recognized as one of the essential elements for plants, it constitutes from 0.1 to 10% of the plant dry weights, depending on the plant species, and has different beneficial influences on plant development and production especially under biotic and abiotic stresses (Luyckx et al, 2017b). The role of Si in triggering the plant resistance against different fungal and oomycete diseases, such as powdery mildew, septoria, stalk rot, fusarium wilt, leaf blast, and downy mildew, has been demonstrated (Vivancos et al, 2015;Jadhao and Rout, 2020;Kaur et al, 2021). The proposed defensive mechanisms include activation of the defense-related enzymes, accumulation of antifungal and anti-oomycete compounds, regulating signal pathways, an upregulation of the defense-related genes, and controlling of the phytohormones homeostasis (Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticles as a Probable Anti-Oomycete Compound Against Downy Mildew, and Yield and Quality Enhancer in Grapevines: Field Evaluation, Molecular, Physiological, Ultrastructural, and Toxicity Investigations

et al. 2021

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Downy mildew is the most destructive disease of grapevines in the regions of relatively warm and humid climate causing up to 50% yield losses. Application of silicon- (Si-) based products have been extensively studied against various oomycete, fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases, but studies on Si application in their nanosize are limited. In this study, the field application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) on Thompson Seedless grapevines (H4 strain) infected with downy mildew was evaluated. In addition, molecular, physiological, ultrastructural, and toxicity investigations were also conducted. The obtained results revealed that spraying of grapevines with SiNPs at 150 ppm significantly overexpressed the transcription factor jasmonate and ethylene-responsive factor 3 recording 8.7-fold, and the defense-related genes β-1,3-glucanase (11-fold), peroxidase (10.7-fold) pathogenesis-related-protein 1 (10.6-fold), and chitinase (6.5-fold). Moreover, a reduction up to 81.5% in the disease severity was achieved in response to this treatment. Shoot length and yield per grapevine were considerably enhanced recording up to 26.3 and 23.7% increase, respectively. The berries quality was also improved. Furthermore, this treatment led to an enhancement in the photosynthetic pigments, induction of phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, an increase in the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, and a reduction in the cellular electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2 content. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed an increase up to 86.6% in the number of closed stomata and a reduction up to 55% in the average stomatal pore area in response to this treatment. Observations of the transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations in the cells of a grapevine leaf due to the infection with downy mildew, including plasmolysis and disruption of the cellular components, abnormal chloroplasts, and thickening of the cell wall and cell membrane. These abnormal alterations were reduced in response to SiNPs spray. In contrast, this study also showed that this treatment had considerable cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at this direct dose/concentration. So, additional investigations to determine the SiNPs residue in the produced edible plant parts are urgently needed. In addition, the pre-harvest interval, toxicity index, and risk assessment should be evaluated before any recommendation for use.

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Induction of Defense-Related Enzymes and Pathogenesis-Related Proteins Imparts Resistance to Barley Genotypes Against Spot Blotch Disease

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

How do plants defend themselves against pathogens-Biochemical mechanisms and genetic interventions

How do plants defend themselves against pathogens-Biochemical mechanisms and genetic interventions

Variation of the Antioxidative Defense in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Facing Bud Rot Disease in the Coastal Area of Ecuador

Silica Nanoparticles as a Probable Anti-Oomycete Compound Against Downy Mildew, and Yield and Quality Enhancer in Grapevines: Field Evaluation, Molecular, Physiological, Ultrastructural, and Toxicity Investigations

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