Induction of bone by a demineralized bone matrix gel: A study in a rat femoral defect model

Abstract

Demineralized bone matrix contains osteoinductive factors and stimulates filling of gaps and defects with bone; however, it is difficult to handle by itself and various preparations have been tested. Demineralized bone matrix with a gel consistency now is available for clinical use. We studied, in a femoral segment defect in the rat, the effects of rat demineralized bone matrix gel with and without a ceramic substratum. This preparation is analogous to the human demineralized bone matrix in the same carrier, used clinically for humans. One hundred adult male Fischer rats were divided into 10 experimental groups. Independent variables included the presence or absence of hydroxyapatite ceramic cylinders, the presence of demineralized bone matrix in carrier or carrier alone (glycerol), and the duration of observation (1, 2, and 4 months). Defects filled with the gel alone had significantly higher radiographic scores for host-graft union at 4 months compared with ceramic with the gel, ceramic alone, or carrier alone. Demineralized bone matrix gel significantly increased the total histologic score for host-graft union, whether ceramic was present or not, and a three-way interaction occurred among ceramic, the gel, and time. Demineralized bone matrix gel was an effective inducer of bone formation in this model. An additional substratum was not required; in fact, significantly more bone was formed in the absence of the ceramic cylinder. Neither the gel nor the ceramic were impediments to revascularization of the defect. Host-graft union was enhanced by demineralized bone matrix gel but not by the ceramic cylinder.

Osteogenic protein‐1 induced bone formation in an infected segmental defect in the rat femur

“…The rat has been used in previous studies of osteomyelitis 1271, as well as in studies involving the assessment of bone formation in segmental defects [8,19,20,30,38]. It was attempted in the present study to combine these two approaches and develop an infected segmental defect model.…”

Physiologic load-bearing characteristics of autografts, allografts, and polymer-based scaffolds in a critical sized segmental defect of long bone: an experimental study

“…To test our hypothesis, we used a rat femoral segmental defect model, which has been used previously to test the effects of various materials and agents on bone growth. [9][10][11][12][13][14] We created a 5 mm femoral defect, replaced the defect with appropriate grafts, and repaired the construct using an intramedullary K-wire. Segmental defects of 5 mm in the rat femurs have been shown to result consistently in nonunions, both radiographically and clinically.…”

Treatment of osteochondral defects of the talus

“…434 Urist pioneered the use of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) for bone defects. 405,419 Since his work, there has been increasing experience with DBM in both animals 123,140,272,405 and humans. 145,283 The sequence of events after implantation of DBM mirrors that of endochondral ossification.…”