Induction of apoptosis by high-dose gold nanoparticles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Kumar

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

Objective: This study demonstrates a simple, cost-effective protocol for biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Hibiscus rosa-sinesis and their comparison by applying antibacterial activities against nine pathogenic bacterial species.Methods: AgNPs and AuNPs were biosynthesized from H. rosa-sinesis. The antibacterial activities of biosynthesized AgNPs (bio-AgNPs) and biosynthesized AuNPs (bio-AuNPs) were evaluated against 9 pathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Biological synthesized AgNP/AuNPs were characterized by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The existence of silver and gold ions in the extracts was conformed (primary confirmation) through UV-Vis and the maximum plasmon peak was observed at 402 and 530 nm of bio-AgNPs and bio-AuNPs, respectively. Bio-AgNPs were obtained in 13.01-28.14 nm size range, whereas bio-AuNPs were in 6.32-18.19 nm size range after analysis of TEM images. The results of FTIR spectra indicate that the bio-AuNPs were bound to amine groups and bio-AgNPs to carboxylate ion groups. The antibacterial activities of AgNP/AuNP, the zone of inhibition significantly increased with the increases of concentrations of bio-AgNPs in all pathogenic bacterial species except in the case of S. epidermidis at 50%, Streptococcus aerogenes and A. hydrophila at 70%, whereas in the case of bio-AuNPs antibacterial activities were displayed only against B. subtilis at 20% and 100% concentration. Conclusion:This study suggests that AgNPs exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria as compared to AuNPs synthesized from H. rosa-sinensis leaf extract and insights to their potential applicability as an alternative antibacterial agent in microbial and human health system to reduce the resistance ability of pathogenic bacteria.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Metal Nanoparticles Synthesized From Hibiscus Rosa Sinesis and Their Antibacterial Activity Estimation Against Nine Pathogenic Bacteria

Kumar

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

“…In this method solar energy was used to reduce the gold salt [16]. A new green chemistry method for the preparation of gold nanoparticles has been reported, in which gold nanoparticles were formed in aqueous NaCl solution from the bulk gold substrate by natural chitosan without using any external stabilizer and reductant [38].…”

Section: Green Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of gold nanoparticles in biological sciences is very important because of the compatibility, conjugation of these particles to the biomolecules and their tunable optical properties which are due to the shape, size and surface area of the gold nanoparticles. Due to the small size and large surface, shape and crystallinity, nanoparticles are proved to be excellent therapeutic agents because they can easily travel into the target cells and can bear high drug load [16].…”

Section: Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gold nanoparticles have been widely used as acancer antigen and in tumor therapies [15]. Some advantages are listed here; (i) Gold nanoparticles have unique optical [16], physical and chemical properties [7] due to their size and shape [9]; (ii) Gold nanoparticles have high surface area [17] which provide dense drug loading; (iii) These particles are biocompatible [1] and are readily available for conjugation with small biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes, carboxylic acid, DNA, and amino acids [2]; (iv)…”

Section: Advantages Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Drug Delivery

Ak¹,

Rashid²,

Murtaza³

et al. 2014

Trop. J. Pharm Res

374

163

This review is focused essentially on the synthesis and applications of gold nanoparticles in the field of medicine and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology has become one of the most interesting and advanced areas of research in this field. Among nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles demonstrate special advantages in this field due to their unique properties, small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio.These particles have been widely used in various biomedical applications and drug delivery systems due to their inert nature, stability, high dispersity, non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility.

“…18,19 Aggregation/ encapsulation of nanoparticles, including HA, CHI, and GEL, was able to enhance antitumor effects of potential compounds and drugs. 20,21 HA is an anionic, nonsulfated, water-soluble polysaccharide, and it is essential for cellular functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement and enhancement of antibladder carcinoma cell effects of heteronemin by the nanosized hyaluronan aggregation

Huang

Kuo

et al. 2016

IJN

The effects against tumors exerted by marine active compounds have been highlighted and investigated. Polymeric nanoparticles made from biodegradable and biocompatible molecules such as hyaluronan (HA) and chitosan (CHI) are able to aggregate the compounds to enhance their activities against tumor cells and reduce the toxicity on normal cells. Here, we extensively examined the antitumor activities and the mechanisms of HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated heteronemin (HET) extracted from the sponge Hippospongia sp. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of pure HET toward T24 bladder carcinoma cells is ~0.28 µg/mL. Pure HET from 0.2 to 0.8 µg/mL and HA nanoparticles-aggregated HET at 0.1 and 0.2 µg/mL significantly reduced T24 cell viability. Compared to pure HET, HA nanoparticles/HET aggregates showed much weaker viability-inhibitory effects on L929 normal fibroblasts. HET dose-dependently suppressed cancer cell migration as HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET displayed stronger migration-inhibitory effects than pure HET. Flow cytometric analysis showed that pure HET increased early/total apoptosis and JC-1 monomer fluorescence, while HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET induced higher apoptosis and JC-1 monomer rates than pure HET, suggesting that aggregation of HA nanoparticles offers HET stronger apoptosis-inducing capacity through mitochondrial depolarization. Western blot analysis showed that HA nanoparticles-aggregated HET further increased mitochondrial-associated, caspase-dependent and caspase-independent, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors in comparison with pure HET. These data indicated that pure HET possesses cytotoxic, antimigratory, and apoptosis-inducing effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro, and its induction of apoptosis in bladder carcinoma cells is mainly caspase dependent. Moreover, HA nanoparticle aggregation reinforced the cytotoxic, antimigratory, and apoptosis-inducing activities against bladder carcinoma cells and attenuated the viability-inhibitory effects on normal fibroblasts. This aggregation reinforces antibladder carcinoma effects of HET via diverse routes, including mitochondrial-related/caspase-dependent, caspase-independent, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways. The current data also strongly suggested that HA/CHI nanoparticles-aggregated HET would be a potential treatment for urothelial cancer in vivo.