Induction of antimicrobial peptides secretion by IL-1β enhances human amniotic membrane for regenerative medicine

Abstract

Due to antibacterial characteristic, amnion has been frequently used in different clinical situations. Developing an in vitro method to augment endogenous antibacterial ingredient of amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells is desirable for a higher efficacy of this promising biomaterial. In this study, epithelial or mesenchymal side dependent effect of amniotic membrane (AM) on antibacterial activity against some laboratory and clinical isolated strains was investigated by modified disk diffusion method and colony count assay. The effect of exposure to IL-1β in production and release of antibacterial ingredients was investigated by ELISA assay. The results showed that there is no significant difference between epithelial and mesenchymal sides of amnion in inhibition of bacterial growth. Although the results of disk diffusion showed that the AM inhibitory effect depends on bacterial genus and strain, colony count assay showed that the extract of AM inhibits all investigated bacterial strains. The exposure of AM to IL-1β leads to a higher level of antibacterial peptides secretion including elafin, HBD-2, HBD-3 and cathelicidic LL-37. Based on these results, amniotic cells possess antibacterial activity which can be augmented by inflammatory signal inducers; a process which make amnion and its epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells more suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells against Staphylococcus aureus

“…It is noteworthy that native ASCs alone, without 1, 25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment, showed significant antibacterial activity in a time-dependent manner, suggesting an endogenous, basal level of vitamin D signaling. It is noteworthy that MSCs may be activated to produce antimicrobial peptides by other biofactors related to inflammation (e.g., interleukin-1β [66]) and sepsis (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [67]). However, given their known harmful bioactivities, the potential applicability of these agents for the treatment of osteomyelitis and related infections is severely limited.…”

<p>Different Effects Of Amniotic Membrane Homogenate On The Growth Of Uropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> And <em>Serratia marcescens</em></p>

“…[2][3][4] AM has been utilized in medicine for some time [4][5][6] and antimicrobial activity of AM has been previously reported. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, due do the broad range of AM preparation techniques (e.g. AM patches, AM conditioned medium, AM extract) and various testing methods used, reported results are in some cases inconsistent and unclear.…”

“…AM patches, AM conditioned medium, AM extract) and various testing methods used, reported results are in some cases inconsistent and unclear. For example, the contradictory results of the effect of AM on the same species, mostly on E. coli [8][9][10] and S. aureus 7,8,[12][13][14][15][16] are reported. The antimicrobial molecules of AM (e.g.…”

“…7,10 The growth-inhibitory effect of AM has been demonstrated for strains belonging to over 10 different bacterial species. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] These results imply that the growth-inhibitory properties of AM affect a wide spectrum of bacteria and AM-based antimicrobial agent could be therefore used against many pathogens.…”

Inhibition of Inflammation, Suppression of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Induction of Neurogenesis, and Antioxidant Property Make Bryostatin-1 a Therapeutic Choice for Multiple Sclerosis

“…The inflammatory process involves different immune cells such as Th1, Th2, macrophage, and B cells ( Naegele and Martin, 2014 ; Tehrani et al, 2017 ). Since inflammation is considered as a main cause of MS, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory drugs are among the primary therapeutic choices.…”