Induction of an AIDS Virus-Related Tuberculosis-Like Disease in Macaques: a Model of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus- Mycobacterium Coinfection

Analysis of Pigtail Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Presenting Immunodominant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes

“…Many groups now utilize pigtail macaques as an alternative and reliable model for HIV vaccine (18,22,27) and pathogenesis (15,16,52,57) studies. Unfortunately, the usefulness of this model has been hampered to date by a lack of detailed understanding of T-cell immunity and MHC genetics.…”

Inhibition of Adaptive Vγ2Vδ2+T-Cell Responses during Active Mycobacterial Coinfection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac-Infected Monkeys

“…3c), and disseminated granulomas. In fact, marked suppression of purified protein derivative-specific CD4 ϩ T-cell responses was also seen for these SIVmac-BCGcoinfected monkeys (38). These results demonstrated that SIVmac infection could profoundly compromise not only primary but also memory responses of V␥2V␦2 ϩ T cells at the time that active BCG coinfection progressed to CD4 ϩ T-cell deficiency and SIVmac-related BCG disease.…”

“…2d) and other organs (data not shown) at the time that the SIVmac-BCG-coinfected monkeys developed a fatal SIVmac-related BCG disease. The fatal outcome of SIVmac-BCG coinfection was characterized clinically by diarrhea and weight loss and pathologically by disseminated granulomas in multiple organs (38). The decline of V␥2V␦2 ϩ T cells in the presence of high BCG loads differed from what was seen for control SIVmac-negative monkeys, where primary expansion of V␥2V␦2 ϩ T cells was driven by mycobacterial loads, and a peak response was evident at the time that the monkeys developed disseminated tuberculosis (39).…”

“…Lymph nodes and spleens were carefully teased to generate single-cell suspensions. Quantitation of BCG infection was done by measuring colony counts (38). Quantitative measurement of plasma SIV RNA was done as previously described (35).…”

Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Their Impact on Non-Human Primate Models for AIDS

“…This species is highly susceptible to infection with a wide range of SIVmac and SHIV strains via intravenous, intrarectal and intravaginal routes of infection [50][51][52], and it is perhaps the best characterized NHP model of low dose penile exposure studies [53,54]. Co-infection models involving SIV and tuberculosis have also been established in rhesus macaques [55]. SIV replicates to high levels in macaques of Indian origin.…”