Induction of a State of Iron Limitation in Uropathogenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            CFT073 by Cranberry-Derived Proanthocyanidins as Revealed by Microarray Analysis

Hidalgo, Gabriela; Ponton, André; Fatisson, Julien; O'May, C; Asadishad, Bahareh; Schinner, Tim; Tufenkji, Nathalie

doi:10.1128/aem.02201-10

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A whole-transcriptome analysis of UPEC CFT073 grown in LB in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/ml cPACs was conducted previously by our lab (15). The study revealed that in the culture grown with cPACs, the flagellin gene (fliC) was downregulated 2.4-fold (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the genes that were found to be downregulated in the presence of cPACs was the flagellin gene (fliC) (15). Additional research has shown that in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, swarming motility is blocked by cPACs and other tannins (36).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some of the first scientific research conducted on this topic concluded that acidification of the urine following the consumption of cranberries was responsible for the preclusion of UTIs (4); however, subsequent studies showed that the pH of urine is not altered significantly by the intake of cranberries (11,16). Several studies have also demonstrated that cranberry products are nonbacteriostatic (15,36). Current research supports the hypothesis that cranberries, and specifically the condensed tannins that they contain, known as proanthocyanidins (PACs), hinder bacterial attachment to abiotic surfaces (7,28) and to uroepithelial and kidney cells (16,29,37,43), therefore preventing infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With the purpose of elucidating how bacterial gene expression is affected by cranberry PACs (cPACs), our laboratory previously examined the transcriptional profiles of E. coli CFT073 cultures grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and in the presence or absence of cPACs (15). Among the genes that were found to be downregulated in the presence of cPACs was the flagellin gene (fliC) (15).…”

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Inhibition of Escherichia coli CFT073 fliC Expression and Motility by Cranberry Materials

Hidalgo

Chan

Tufenkji

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In humans, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common etiological agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cranberry extracts have been linked to the prevention of UTIs for over a century; however, a mechanistic understanding of the way in which cranberry derivatives prevent bacterial infection is still lacking. In this study, we used a fliC-lux reporter as well as quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to demonstrate that when UPEC strain CFT073 was grown or exposed to dehydrated, crushed cranberries or to purified cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins (cPACs), expression of the flagellin gene (fliC) was inhibited. In agreement with these results, transmission electron microscopy imaging of bacteria grown in the presence of cranberry materials revealed fewer flagella than those in bacteria grown under control conditions. Furthermore, we showed that swimming and swarming motilities were hindered when bacteria were grown in the presence of the cranberry compounds. Because flagellum-mediated motility has been suggested to enable UPEC to disseminate to the upper urinary tract, we propose that inhibition of flagellum-mediated motility might be a key mechanism by which cPACs prevent UTIs. This is the first report to show that cranberry compounds inhibit UPEC motility via downregulation of the fliC gene. Further studies are required to establish whether these inhibitors play a role in vivo.There are more than 150 million cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the world every year, with correspondingly significant morbidity and health care costs (12). Uncomplicated UTIs, i.e., infections that occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, are caused over 80% of the time by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) (44). Among UPEC strains, E. coli CFT073, a strain isolated from the blood and urine of a woman diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis (34), is one of the most prevalent clonal lines (21,22). The majority of UTIs develop in an ascending manner (1, 44) that commences when bacteria inoculate the periurethral area and then the bladder (20,35,46). The bacteria may then ascend to the upper urinary tract and kidneys and establish a secondary infection (44). Once in the kidneys, the bacteria can access the bloodstream, causing bacteremia and (potentially) death (44).The bacterial flagellum is a molecular machine driven by a motor which rotates a long, curved filament (2). This filament extends from the basal body outward and is a polymer of flagellin subunits encoded by the fliC gene (6, 31). Mutations in fliC result in loss of flagellation and motility (31). Flagellummediated motility has been suggested to contribute to virulence by enabling UPEC to disseminate to the urinary tract, to escape host immune responses, and to disperse to new sites within the urinary tract (24). Even though this hypothesis remains to be demonstrated, several groups have shown that fliC mutants are outcompeted by motile, wild-type strains during experimental cochallenge of mice (24,40,45), thereby demonstrating tha...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Escherichia coli CFT073 fliC Expression and Motility by Cranberry Materials

Hidalgo

Chan

Tufenkji

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Cranberry proanthocyanidins have also been shown to bind iron strongly through the orthodihydroxy group of the B-ring [9]. The effect of iron sequestration by these compounds can be seen by differential gene expressions in E. coli in particular genes involved in up-regulation of the iron acquisition systems [20,21]. Tannic acid, a water-soluble phenolic compound found in many fruits and vegetables (including cranberries) was postulated to inhibit the growth of E. coli, Salmonella enteric serotype Typhimurium and various Clostridia pathogens through iron sequestration [22].…”

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confidence: 99%

Iron sequestration is not the main mechanism in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth by cranberry phytochemicals

Ng¹,

Yan²,

Tokich³

2015

Integr Food Nutr Metab

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Some edible berries such as cranberry have been shown to process antimicrobial activity. One of the antimicrobial actions is hypothesized to be sequestration of iron required for bacterial growth as berry phytochemicals contain strong iron binding groups. Cranberry phytochemicals obtained by solid phase extracts (SPE) from a commercial cranberry juice were studied for their inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. At 100 µg gallic acid equivalents/mL of phenolic materials, cranberry SPE inhibited bacteria growth by about 0.82-1.1 log units based on the number of colony forming units/mL. However, supplementation of growth media containing cranberry phytochemicals with added iron at levels high enough to overcome media iron deficiency failed to restore bacteria growth. These would indicate that sequestration of iron is not a major antimicrobial mechanism ofcranberry phytochemicals.

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Proanthocyanidin Interferes with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Gram‐Negative Bacteria

et al. 2019

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Antibiotic resistance is spreading at an alarming rate among pathogenic bacteria in both medicine and agriculture. Interfering with the intrinsic resistance mechanisms displayed by pathogenic bacteria has the potential to make antibiotics more effective and decrease the spread of acquired antibiotic resistance. Here, it is demonstrated that cranberry proanthocyanidin (cPAC) prevents the evolution of resistance to tetracycline in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , rescues antibiotic efficacy against antibiotic‐exposed cells, and represses biofilm formation. It is shown that cPAC has a potentiating effect, both in vitro and in vivo, on a broad range of antibiotic classes against pathogenic E. coli , Proteus mirabilis , and P. aeruginosa . Evidence that cPAC acts by repressing two antibiotic resistance mechanisms, selective membrane permeability and multidrug efflux pumps, is presented. Failure of cPAC to potentiate antibiotics against efflux pump‐defective mutants demonstrates that efflux interference is essential for potentiation. The use of cPAC to potentiate antibiotics and mitigate the development of resistance could improve treatment outcomes and help combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

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Induction of a State of Iron Limitation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 by Cranberry-Derived Proanthocyanidins as Revealed by Microarray Analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Inhibition of Escherichia coli CFT073 fliC Expression and Motility by Cranberry Materials

Inhibition of Escherichia coli CFT073 fliC Expression and Motility by Cranberry Materials

Iron sequestration is not the main mechanism in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth by cranberry phytochemicals

Proanthocyanidin Interferes with Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Gram‐Negative Bacteria

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