Induction of a Cellular Defense Reaction Is Accompanied by an Increase in Sensory Neuron Excitability in <i>Aplysia</i>

Clatworthy, Andrea L.; Castro, Gilbert A.; Walters, Edgar T.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb33588.x

Cited by 10 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The feasibility of this approach is clearly underscored in the results from some recent studies by Clatworthy et al [51] demonstrating the involvement of the immune system in the development of neuropathic hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. These studies were designed solely on the basis of results from studies demonstrating an immune-mediated modulation of nociceptive sensory function in Aplysia [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excitability of VC pleural sensory neurons (black dots) on control and ligated sides was compared at various time points (between 1 day and 3 weeks) after ligation. Modified after Clatworthy et al [4]. spike threshold and AHP were significantly reduced, and spike amplitude and duration were significantly increased.…”

Section: Neural-immune Interactions In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To begin testing the hypothesis that hemocytes can influence sensory neuron functioning, Clatworthy et al [47] examined whether sensory excitability could be influenced by the presence of hemocytes close to sensory axons. A strip of cotton gauze wrapped loosely around peripheral pedal nerves containing sensory axons served as the stimulus to activate the cellular defense system and produce an accumulation of hemocytes close to sensory axons.…”

Section: Neural-immune Interactions In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts to perform detailed cellular analyses of mechanisms underlying neural-immune communication are hampered by the complexity of mammalian nervous and immune systems. The marine mollusc Aplysia californica has recently emerged as a useful model system to study neuralimmune interactions at the cellular level [4,5]. The nervous system of Aplysia is relatively simple, accessible and well characterized at functional, cellular and molecular levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural-Immune Interactions – An Evolutionary Perspective

Clatworthy¹

1998

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Efforts to understand how the immune system can influence nervous system function are hampered by the complexity of mammalian nervous and immune systems. The marine mollusc Aplysia californica has recently emerged as a useful model system to investigate cellular mechanisms underlying neural-immune interactions. Aplysia has a relatively simple, well-characterized nervous system that is accessible for intracellular recording. Moreover, it shares with mammals basic cellular defensive responses to non-self or wounded-self, i.e. the accumulation of numerous defense cells (hemocytes) around foreign objects or at injured sites. We have shown that the excitability of a population of nociceptive sensory neurons in Aplysia can be influenced by the presence of hemocytes close to their axons. These sensory neurons also show profound, long-lasting increases in their excitability following axonal injury. Hemocytes are attracted to injured sites on peripheral nerves, and we have developed an in vitro nervous system-hemocyte coculture system to demonstrate that hemocytes can also influence the expression of this injury-induced sensory hyperexcitability. Immunoreactive interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor have been identified in Aplysia. Preliminary in vitro studies showing that IL-1 can modulate the expression of injury-induced sensory hyperexcitability raise the interesting possibility that hemocyte-derived cytokine-like factors can modulate sensory neuron functioning. The relevance of this work to more phylogenetically advanced organisms is also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neural-immune Interactions In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neural-immune Interactions In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural-Immune Interactions – An Evolutionary Perspective

Clatworthy¹

1998

Neuroimmunomodulation

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“…Both injury and excitation evoke depolarization and the growth of excitability in neurons [69,412]. In dying neurons, a phase of high excitability before death is inevitably transformed to an unexcitable state.…”

Section: Both Damage and Motivational Excitation Distort Membrane Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection from neuronal damage evoked by a motivational excitation is a driving force of intentional actions

Tsitolovsky

2005

Brain Research Reviews

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“Listening” and “talking” to neurons: Implications of immune activation for pain control and increasing the efficacy of opioids

Watkins¹,

Hutchinson²,

Milligan³

et al. 2007

Brain Research Reviews

161

135

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It is recently become clear that activated immune cells and immune-like glial cells can dramatically alter neuronal function. By increasing neuronal excitability, these non-neuronal cells are now implicated in the creation and maintenance of pathological pain, such as occurs in response to peripheral nerve injury. Such effects are exerted at multiple sites along the pain pathway, including at peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. In addition, activated glial cells are now recognized as disrupting the pain suppressive effects of opioid drugs and contributing to opioid tolerance and opioid dependence/withdrawal. While this review focuses on regulation of pain and opioid actions, such immune-neuronal interactions are broad in their implications. Such changes in neuronal function would be expected to occur wherever immune-derived substances come in close contact with neurons.

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Induction of a Cellular Defense Reaction Is Accompanied by an Increase in Sensory Neuron Excitability in Aplysia

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Neural-Immune Interactions – An Evolutionary Perspective

Neural-Immune Interactions – An Evolutionary Perspective

Protection from neuronal damage evoked by a motivational excitation is a driving force of intentional actions

“Listening” and “talking” to neurons: Implications of immune activation for pain control and increasing the efficacy of opioids

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