“…These results suggest that treated male flower buds probably contain reduced pollen grains (n = x), 2n pollen grains (n = 2x), and giant pollen grains, confirming that different mechanisms of unreduced pollen induction occurred by exposure to high temperatures. In some species, unreduced pollen can also be identified by its shape; for example, unreduced pollen grains are spherical in both lily and Eucalyptus, while normal pollen grains are elliptical and tetrahedral, respectively [3,16]. In A. borealis, reduced grains have three pores and are more triangular in shape, while unreduced grains typically have four pores and are round [35].…”