Induction/Inhibition Effect on Lithium Dendrite Growth by a Binary Modification Layer on a Separator

Abstract

In lithium metal batteries (LMB), unrestricted growth of lithium dendrites will pierce the separator and cause an internal short circuit. Therefore, we designed modified separator with an InN thin layer, which could be in situ converted into a binary mixed-modified layer of Li–In alloy and Li3N during the lithium plating/stripping process. Among them, Li–In alloy induces the lateral growth of lithium dendrites and prevents the separator from being pierced; Li3N balances ion distribution at the lithium anode/separator interface, which is beneficial to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Under the synergistic effect of the two phases, the performance of LMBs was obviously improved. In addition, the separator modification does not need to be carried out in a protective atmosphere and is suitable for large-scale roll-to-roll processing.

Constructing a Uniform and Stable Mixed Conductive Layer to Stabilize the Solid‐State Electrolyte/Li Interface by Cold Bonding at Mild Conditions

“…[26] In short, the InN thin layer on LLZ introduced by the MS method can react with Li metal to produce Li 3 N and Li-In alloys at room temperature (Figure S13, Supporting Information). The reactions between InN and Li could be divided into two steps: [27] 3Li InN Li N In 3…”

“…[ 26 ] In short, the InN thin layer on LLZ introduced by the MS method can react with Li metal to produce Li 3 N and Li–In alloys at room temperature (Figure S13, Supporting Information). The reactions between InN and Li could be divided into two steps: [ 27 ] $$\[3{\rm{Li}} + {\rm{InN}} \to {\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}_3}{\rm{N}} + {\rm{In}}\]$$ $$\[x{\rm{Li}} + y{\rm{In}} \to {\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}_x}{\rm{I}}{{\rm{n}}_y}\]$$…”

“…Meanwhile, the formed Li‐In alloy and Li 3 N in RT‐MCL are able to suppress the Li dendrite formation. [ 27,36 ] As a result, the cycled RT‐MCL‐LLZ surface shows uniform and dense Li deposition without Li dendrites (Figure 5b). Figure 5c,d show the top‐view SEM images of the Li‐metal anode after cycling with LLZ and RT‐MCL‐LLZ electrolytes, respectively.…”

Manipulation of the LiZn Alloy Process toward High-Efficiency Lithium Metal Anodes

“…The utilization of renewable energy sources has attracted widespread attention worldwide due to the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by limited fossil fuel sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for energy storage systems as a means of regulating electrical energy output. − In this background, lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are considered as one of the ideal next-generation anode material candidates for Li metal batteries (LMBs) because of their ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) and lowest electrochemical potential (−3.04 V with respect to standard hydrogen electrodes). − However, nonuniform nucleation sites and “hostless” intrinsic characteristics of LMAs tend to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and immense volume expansion, which seriously hamper the commercialization of LMBs. − …”

Self-Assembly Monolayer Inspired Stable Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Design for Next-Generation Lithium Metal Batteries

“…In addition, due to its inherent high reactivity with electrolytes, the deposited Li metal can be partially removed, with some remaining electrochemically inactive, which is known as “dead Li”. , As a result, many methods have been investigated and developed to inhibit the growth of Li dendrites in reversible Li metal anodes. Among these methods, several have achieved success with encouraging results, such as current collector engineering, , Li composite anode design, − especially thin anode, and separator innovation and modification. − Despite their early success, Li composite anodes still suffer from side reactions with electrolytes, while modified separators pose a risk of pore clogging, which may adversely affect battery cycling. A key component that governs the uniform and stable Li plating/stripping is the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) of Li metal.…”