Induction and patterning of the primitive streak, an organizing center of gastrulation in the amniote

Matsukawa, Takashi; Poh, Alisa; Kelly, Kristine; Ishíi, Yasuo; Reese, David E.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.10458

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…formation, the pattern of expression of Fgf8 (top) transforms from a circular spot around the contraction area, into a large "8-shape" centred on the presumptive navel area, between stage 2 and 3 (Hamilton & Hamburger stages of embryo development) from reference [163]. A similar advection pattern is obtained for other genes such as Wnt8c and chordin (middle) or Clef1 or Gata5, which transform from a horizontal "bar" or "oval" to a vertical "bar" [162,165]; see also many early stainings of the database GEISHA. All genes actually seem to follow an advection into a hyperbolic flow (bottom, in a lagrangian view, the hyperbolic flow is elongational, and transforms affinely a spot into an elongated bar positioned along the median axis).…”

Section: -P33mentioning

confidence: 62%

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Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Fleury

2009

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. The origin of tetrapods is a complex question that webs together genetic, paleontological, developmental and physical facts. Basically, the development of embryos is described by a complex mix of mechanical movements and biochemical inductions of genetic origin. It is difficult to sort out in this scientific question what are the fundamental features imposed by conservation laws of physics, and by force equilibria, and what can be ascribed to successive, very specific, stop-and-go inductions of genetic nature. A posteriori, evolution selects the parameters of this process as found in the observed species. Whether there is a general law to animal formation seems out of the question. However, several concepts developed in biology, like the concept of "organizer" seem questionable from a physics point of view, since the entire deformation and force field should be the "organizer" of development, and one can hardly ascribe such a role to a single small area of the embryo body. In the same spirit, the concept of "positional information" encapsulated in concentration of chemicals seems questionable since the deformation and force fields in embryonic tissues are tensors. Finally, the concept of a development organized in space along three orthogonal ("Cartesian") axes associated to chemical gradients seems also questionable, since early embryo development is driven by complex vortex fields, with hyperbolic trajectories which span the entire embryo. Such hyperbolic trajectories are best understood by a description in terms of dipolar components of the morphogenetic forces, whose projections along orthogonal axes have no specific meaning except as a mathematical tool. I review here the present state of description of several aspects of tetrapods morphogenesis and evolution, from the point of view of physics. It is getting clear that several basic features of tetrapods body are a direct consequences of fundamental laws of physics. Several lines of work reviewed here show that the topology of the tetrapods may be directly related to the structure of the earliest movements in embryos. The bio-mechanical approach leads to important consequences for the constraints on evolution of the craniates. Such consequences have received a controversial welcome in the last decade, although they may encapsulate the true origin of craniates, esp. simians, and eventually homo.

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Section: -P33mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…7). Especially, stainings against FGF8, which is so important for development, at early stages, have shown that there exists a localized spot of FGF8 around the contraction centre, which progressively becomes a slender 8-shaped zone of expression [162], Figure 31. (See also other gene stainings, especially wnt, in GEISHA database, or in Ref.…”

Section: -P32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Fleury

2009

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Gastrulation and elongation movements co-occur with extensive cell signalling. During gastrulation in Xenopus (Bouwmeester, 2001), zebrafish (Rohde and Heisenberg, 2007), chicken (Mikawa et al, 2004) and mice (Tam and Loebel, 2007), the expression patterns of multiple signalling molecules and their receptors, such as Wnts (Tada and Kai, 2009), FGFs (Lea et al, 2009), PDGFs (Ataliotis and Mercola, 1997) and nodal (Chea et al, 2005), change over time and space (Heisenberg and Solnica-Krezel, 2008). Thus, it is likely that the spatial distribution of the cells that receive these signals depends on how morphogenetic mechanisms move them, and on how they move and deform the signalling territories (thus affecting, over time, the spatial distribution of the cells that receive a signal).…”

Section: Type E: Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological evolution and embryonic developmental diversity in metazoa

Salazar‐Ciudad

2010

Development

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SummaryMost studies of pattern formation and morphogenesis in metazoans focus on a small number of model species, despite the fact that information about a wide range of species and developmental stages has accumulated in recent years. By contrast, this article attempts to use this broad knowledge base to arrive at a classification of developmental types through which metazoan body plans are generated. This classification scheme pays particular attention to the diverse ways by which cell signalling and morphogenetic movements depend on each other, and leads to several testable hypotheses regarding morphological variation within and between species, as well as metazoan evolution. Key words: Pattern formation, Morphogenesis, Body plan evolution, Evolution of development, Mechanisms of development IntroductionThe conservation of developmental processes, especially that of genes and gene expression patterns (Gilbert, 2006; Carroll, 2001), has traditionally received a lot of attention in evolutionary developmental biology. Differences at the level of genes and gene interactions among metazoan groups have also been studied (Lynch and Wagner, 2008). However, few studies have integrated the available information about different stages of development to understand the commonalities and differences in the overall process of development among metazoa. Earlier work identified gross developmental similarities and differences between metazoan groups that led to their classification into three types of development (Davidson, 1991;Davidson et al., 1995;Wray, 2000). These similarities in development are suggested to relate to similarities in the body plan or in the life cycle of the different species.This article introduces a classification scheme that incorporates the information about additional species and about later stages of development that has accumulated since the publication of these previous reviews. I also propose new hypotheses about the relationship between signalling and morphogenetic movements in the classification of developmental types. Particular attention is given to the distinction between morphostatic and morphodynamic developmental mechanisms (Salazar-Ciudad et al., 2003). In morphostatic mechanisms, major signalling events occur before the onset of morphogenetic movements, whereas in morphodynamic mechanisms, cell signalling and morphogenetic mechanisms occur at the same time or in a closely interlinked manner (Fig. 1). Previous work (Salazar-Ciudad and Jernvall, 2004) suggests that this distinction has important implications for our understanding of developmental dynamics and for how development affects evolution. However, this previous work focused on individual developmental mechanisms that act only between specific developmental stages. Here, the focus is not on specific stages, but instead on the entire period of development. Thus, the previous classifications are revised to take into account the diversity of events in metazoa over the course of development. On the basis of the relative timing and of...

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“…One of the earliest steps in generating this diversity is the patterning of mesoderm precursors along the dorsoventral (D/V) body axis, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ectoderm through the gastrulation process, and in amniotes this process takes place in a transitory structure called the primitive streak (referred to hereafter as the streak) (Bellairs, 1986;Mikawa et al, 2004;Psychoyos and Stern, 1996a). The streak is composed mainly of mesoderm precursors, which are still an integral part of the epiblast and with many epithelial characteristics, en route to becoming true mesoderm cells with mesenchymal morphologies (Nakaya and Sheng, 2009;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic landscape of the primitive streak

Alev¹,

Wu²,

Kasukawa

et al. 2010

Development

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SUMMARYIn birds and mammals, all mesoderm cells are generated from the primitive streak. Nascent mesoderm cells contain unique dorsoventral (D/V) identities according to their relative ingression position along the streak. Molecular mechanisms controlling this initial phase of mesoderm diversification are not well understood. Using the chick model, we generated high-quality transcriptomic datasets of different streak regions and analyzed their molecular heterogeneity. Fifteen percent of expressed genes exhibit differential expression levels, as represented by two major groups (dorsal to ventral and ventral to dorsal). A complete set of transcription factors and many novel genes with strong and region-specific expression were uncovered. Core components of BMP, Wnt and FGF pathways showed little regional difference, whereas their positive and negative regulators exhibited both dorsal-to-ventral and ventral-to-dorsal gradients, suggesting that robust D/V positional information is generated by fine-tuned regulation of key signaling pathways at multiple levels. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive molecular resource for understanding mesoderm diversification in vivo and targeted mesoderm lineage differentiation in vitro.

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Induction and patterning of the primitive streak, an organizing center of gastrulation in the amniote

Cited by 64 publications

References 95 publications

Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Clarifying tetrapod embryogenesis, a physicist's point of view

Morphological evolution and embryonic developmental diversity in metazoa

Transcriptomic landscape of the primitive streak

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