Induction and modulation of smooth muscle differentiation in <i>Xenopus</i> embryonic cells

Barillot, Wilfrid; Tréguer, Karine; Faucheux, Claude; Fédou, Sandrine; Thézé, Nadine; Thiébaud, Pierre

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21749

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The pluripotent animal cap was dissected from blastula stage embryos injected with either control or WDR5 morpholinos at the two-cell stage and treated with bFGF to promote SMC differentiation as previously reported (28). Morpholino-mediated knockdown of WDR5 significantly decreased bFGF-induced expression of SMC genes including SM ␣-actin, SM22␣, and SM-MHC (Fig.…”

Section: Wdr5 Knockdown Decreases Smc-marker Gene Expression In X Lamentioning

confidence: 57%

“…For the animal cap assay, two-cell stage embryos were injected with 30 ng of morpholino solution and grown until the blastula stage or stage 17 before dissection (28). For in situ hybridization analysis, microinjected embryos were grown until stage 42 then fixed and processed as described before (28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic FGF (bFGF) has been reported to be a potent growth factor for inducing smooth muscle differentiation in X. laevis animal cap explants (28). The pluripotent animal cap was dissected from blastula stage embryos injected with either control or WDR5 morpholinos at the two-cell stage and treated with bFGF to promote SMC differentiation as previously reported (28).…”

Section: Wdr5 Knockdown Decreases Smc-marker Gene Expression In X Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

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WD Repeat-containing Protein 5, a Ubiquitously Expressed Histone Methyltransferase Adaptor Protein, Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell-selective Gene Activation through Interaction with Pituitary Homeobox 2

Gan¹,

Thiébaud²,

Thézé³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is a common component of mammalian mixed lineage leukemia methyltransferase family members and is important for histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me), which has been implicated in control of activation of cell lineage genes during embryogenesis. However, WDR5 has not been considered to play a specific regulatory role in epigenetic programming of cell lineage because it is ubiquitously expressed. Previous work from our laboratory showed the appearance of histone H3K4me within smooth muscle cell (SMC)-marker gene promoters during the early stages of development of SMC from multipotential embryonic cells but did not elucidate the underlying mechanisms that mediate SMC-specific and locus-selective H3K4me. Results presented herein show that knockdown of WDR5 significantly decreased SMCmarker gene expression in cultured SMC differentiation systems and in Xenopus laevis embryos in vivo. In addition, we showed that WDR5 complexes within SMC progenitor cells contained H3K4 methyltransferase enzymatic activity and that knockdown of WDR5 selectively decreased H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 enrichment within SMC-marker gene promoter loci. Moreover, we present evidence that it is recruited to these gene promoter loci through interaction with a SMC-selective pituitary homeobox 2 (Pitx2). Taken together, studies provide evidence for a novel mechanism for epigenetic control of SMCmarker gene expression during development through interaction of WDR5, homeodomain proteins, and chromatin remodeling enzymes.A critical question in developmental biology is how cell lineage-specific gene expression patterns are established and propagated during embryogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms by which complex patterns of gene expression are established during development are unclear, epigenetic modification of chromatin appears to play an important role in the transition of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) 2 into committed cell lineages (1, 2). Among the epigenetic modifications, histone methylation is an important primary determinant of cellular identity. In pluripotent ESCs, many lineage-specific genes are labeled with a unique bivalent histone modification pattern consisting of "activating" histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) and "repressive" H3 lysine 27 methylation (H3K27me) modifications. During the process of lineage determination from ESCs, these "bivalent domains" are resolved into constitutive H3K4me loci within genes that are actively expressed or H3K27me loci within genes that are repressed in specific cell lineages (2-4). In mammalian cells, H3K4me is mainly carried out by the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family members and SET1A/SET1B (5-7). These MLL/SET members have H3K4 methyltransferase (HKMT) activity through a conserved SET domain and form a complex with conserved subunits WDR5, Ash2L, and RbBP5 (8, 9). WDR5 is required to keep the MLL/ SET associated with the rest of the complex and is required for its activity (10). Although WDR5 was previously shown to be an H3K4me-binding protein impor...

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Section: Wdr5 Knockdown Decreases Smc-marker Gene Expression In X Lamentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wdr5 Knockdown Decreases Smc-marker Gene Expression In X Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

WD Repeat-containing Protein 5, a Ubiquitously Expressed Histone Methyltransferase Adaptor Protein, Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell-selective Gene Activation through Interaction with Pituitary Homeobox 2

Gan¹,

Thiébaud²,

Thézé³

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

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“…This is consistent with previous functional studies on isolated atrial preparations in these two species which did not report on tonus waves, even upon treatment with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or acetylcholine (O'Donnell and Wanstall, ; Meghji and Burnstock, ; Minerds and Donald, ), which certainly activates the smooth muscle tones in atrial preparations from turtles (Fano, ; Joyce et al ., ). Furthermore, although SMA is expressed transiently in the embryonic heart of X. laevis , no expression was found in the adult X. laevis heart (Saint‐Jeannet et al ., ; Warkman et al ., ; Barillot et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Smooth Muscle in Cardiac Chambers is Common in Turtles and Extensive in the Emydid Turtle, Trachemys scripta

Joyce

Crossley

Wang

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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A prominent layer of smooth muscle lining the luminal side of the atria of freshwater turtles (Emydidae) was described more than a century ago. We recently demonstrated that this smooth muscle provides a previously unrecognized mechanism to change cardiac output in the emydid red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) that possibly contributes to their tremendous diving capacity. The purpose of the present immunohistochemical study was firstly to screen major groups of vertebrates for the presence of cardiac smooth muscle. Secondly, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of cardiac smooth muscle within the turtle order (Testudines), including terrestrial and aquatic species. Atrial smooth muscle was not detected in a range of vertebrates, including Xenopus laevis, Alligator mississippiensis, and Caiman crocodilus, all of which have pronounced diving capacities. However, we confirmed earlier reports that traces of smooth muscle are found in human atrial tissue. Only within the turtles (eight species) was there substantial amounts of nonvascular smooth muscle in the heart. This amount was greatest in the atria, while the amount in proportion to cardiac muscle was greater in the sinus venosus than in other chambers. T. scripta had more smooth muscle in the sinus venosus and atria than the other turtles. In some specimens, there was some smooth muscle in the ventricle and the pulmonary vein. Our study demonstrates that cardiac smooth muscle likely appeared early in turtle evolution and has become extensive within the Emydidae family, possibly in association with diving. Across other tetrapod clades, cardiac smooth muscle might not associate with diving.

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Heavy and light roles: myosin in the morphogenesis of the heart

England

Loughna

2012

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

160

136

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Myosin is an essential component of cardiac muscle, from the onset of cardiogenesis through to the adult heart. Although traditionally known for its role in energy transduction and force development, recent studies suggest that both myosin heavy-chain and myosin light-chain proteins are required for a correctly formed heart. Myosins are structural proteins that are not only expressed from early stages of heart development, but when mutated in humans they may give rise to congenital heart defects. This review will discuss the roles of myosin, specifically with regards to the developing heart. The expression of each myosin protein will be described, and the effects that altering expression has on the heart in embryogenesis in different animal models will be discussed. The human molecular genetics of the myosins will also be reviewed.

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Induction and modulation of smooth muscle differentiation in Xenopus embryonic cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

WD Repeat-containing Protein 5, a Ubiquitously Expressed Histone Methyltransferase Adaptor Protein, Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell-selective Gene Activation through Interaction with Pituitary Homeobox 2

WD Repeat-containing Protein 5, a Ubiquitously Expressed Histone Methyltransferase Adaptor Protein, Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell-selective Gene Activation through Interaction with Pituitary Homeobox 2

Smooth Muscle in Cardiac Chambers is Common in Turtles and Extensive in the Emydid Turtle, Trachemys scripta

Heavy and light roles: myosin in the morphogenesis of the heart

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