Induction and development of anther-derived gametic embryos in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by optimizing the macronutrient and agar concentrations in culture medium

Abstract

Anther culture response of a cucumber cultivar (Beta Alpha) and three Iranian landraces of cucumber (Basmenj, Isfahani, and Korki) on MS culture media with an altered macronutrient strength (half, full, 1.5-fold, and double-strength) or various concentrations of agar (0, 3.5, 7, and 14 g L -1 ) was evaluated in two separate experiments. The effect of different concentrations of agar on the development of callus-derived embryos was also assessed. The androgenic potentials of various cucumbers were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the different macronutrient strengths and agar concentrations, although anther culture responses could vary according to the cucumber type. A doubled strength of macronutrients in culture medium resulted in the highest percentage of callogenesis (100%) in Isfahani cucumber, while use of full strength of macronutrients produced the highest percentage of embryogenic calli (83.33%) in the mentioned landrace compared to other tested forms. The maximum number of gametic embryos (1.26 and 1.23 embryos/anther) differentiated from Isfahani anther cultures on full-and half-strength MS medium, respectively. In the second experiment, the highest percentages of callogenesis were obtained in MS culture media solidified with 14 g L -1 and 7 g L -1 agar for Basmenj, with 3.5 g L -1 agar or liquid medium for Isfahani, with 7 g L -1 agar for Beta Alpha, and with 14 g L -1 agar for Korki. Culture media solidified with 7 g L -1 agar produced the highest percentage of embryogenic calli compared to other treatments. Anther culture of Korki cucumber on culture medium with 14 g L -1 agar produced the maximum number of embryos per anther compared to other cucumbers. Improved production of mature somatic embryos (torpedo and cotyledonary embryos) was achieved with higher agar concentrations (7 and 14 g L -1 ) for the cucumber cultivar and all landraces.

An efficient in vitro regeneration system via callus from hypocotyl and root of Iris laevigata

“…In tissue culture, the concentration of gelling agent has an important effect on the induction rate and callus growth [21][22][23]. Differences in gel strength, mineral content, and inhibition compounds can also in uence callus growth [24].…”

Production of Doubled Haploids in cucumber

“…Состав питательной среды также оказывает огромное влияние на успех технологии. Многие исследователи использовали среду MS в качестве основы индукционной среды для культуры пыльников in vitro (Song et al, 2007;Abdollahi et al, 2015Abdollahi et al, , 2016 [ 7 ] СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ роэлементов, в то время как двукратное увеличение в среде макроэлементов приводило к увеличению каллусогенеза (Abdollahi et al, 2016). Большое влияние на индукцию будут оказывать регуляторы роста, присутствующие в питательной среде.…”

“…Эмбриоиды и морфогенные каллусы получают в культуре пыльников или микроспор на питательных средах, содержащих различные концентрации 6-бензиламинопурина (БАП/BAP), 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кислоты (2,4-Д/2,4-D) и кинетина (КТ). За андрогенезом следует стадия дифференцировки, для которой не желательно присутствие в питательной среде 2,4-Д, поэтому в питательные среды обычно добавляют (различные варианты по концентрации и соотношению между собой) БАП, 1-нафталинуксусной кислоты (НУК/NAA) и KТ (Kumar & Murthy, 2004;Kumar et al al., 2003;Song et al, 2007;Abdollahi et al, 2016;Asadi et al, 2018).…”

“…Kumar et al, 2003; AshokKumar and Murthy, 2004;Song et al, 2007;Zhan et al, 2009;Rakha et al, 2012;Hamidvand et al, 2013; Abdollahi et al, 2015Abdollahi et al, , 2016Kurtar et al, 2016;Asadi et al, 2018;Amirian et al, 2019). Однако выход растений-регенерантов остается достаточно низким и очень сильно зависит от генотипа донорного растения(Abdollahi et al, 2016;Kumar & Murthy, 2004;Kumar et al, 2003;Song et al, 2007) Asadi et al, 2018…”

Improvement in androgenic response of borage (Borago officinalis L.) cultured anthers using antibrowning agents and picloram

“…Androgenesis, as the process of haploid induction from male gametic cells, is often the method of choice for doubled haploid (DH) production in many crop plants (Sopory and Munshi, 1997). Anther culture is generally a simple method of androgenesis and has been effectively used for production of haploid and DH lines in many crops and horticultural species such as rice, barley, wheat, maize, watermelon, and cucumber (Chen et al, 2001;Jacquard et al, 2006;Broughton, 2008;Abdollahi et al, 2015Abdollahi et al, , 2016Ismaili and Pour Mohammadi, 2016), but its use is still limited in medicinal plants compared to agronomical important crops (Ferrie, 2013).…”