Induction and augmentation of mitogen‐induced immune interferon production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by N<sup>α</sup>‐desacetylthymosin α<sub>l</sub>

Svedersky, L P; Hui, Anna; May, Laurie; McKay, Patrick Zweider; Stebbing, Nowell

doi:10.1002/eji.1830120314

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In vivo, TF-5 and Td| increase lymphokine production (MIF and y-IFN) in low responder strains challenged with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Candida albicans [41,50]. Several other groups have shown that TF-5 and Td| induce and/or enhance production of y-IFN in vitro [56] in humans, and in vivo in mice [31], Shoham et al [53] have shown enhanced y-IFN production by human PBL and in mice after exposure to TP-1. It also has been reported that FTS [44.…”

Section: Role Of Lymphokines In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Zatz¹,

Goldstein²

1985

Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent data point to a significant role for thymosins, lymphokines, and other soluble mediators in the senescence of the immune response that occurs with aging. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the isolation and physiochemical characterization of several of these soluble mediators. We are now beginning to define the mechanisms by which these molecules regulate and mediate immune responses. In this paper we review the properties of the best characterized thymic hormones and lymphokines and focus on the role of the endocrine thymus in modulating immune responses. Of particular interest is the recent observation that thymosin fraction 5 can enhance production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF), and that IL-2 production, but not CSF production, is selectively diminished in aging mice. Several of the products of the immune system also can act as neuroactive immunotransmitters and modulate a number of neuroendocrine responses. Current studies point to an important role for these molecules in modulating neuroendocrine function, suggesting a broader role for the endocrine thymus in the aging process.

show abstract

Section: Role Of Lymphokines In Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that Tct| can enhance a-and y-IFN production in murine and hu man systems [22,31,56]. Since y-IFN is an important regulatory lymphokine whose pro duction may be by a different T cell subset (Lyt-2+) than IL-2 and CSF (Lyt+).…”

Section: Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Zatz¹,

Goldstein²

1985

Gerontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been reported that F5 and thymosin a1 increase production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) in the mouse and guinea pig (18,19) and production of a-and y-IFN in mice (20) and humans (21). Thymulin (FTS, facteur thymique serique), another thymic factor, has been shown to increase TCGF production by cells of nude mice (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin increases production of T-cell growth factor by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Zatz¹,

Oliver²,

Samuels³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The in vitro incubation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes with thymosin results in a marked and reproducible increase in production of T-cell growth factor, which is dose dependent and most pronounced in the first 24 hr of culture. Incubation of lymphocytes with thymosin alone failed to induce any production of Tcell growth factor. The biological activity of thymosin fraction 5 cannot be attributed to the activity of thymosin a,, one of the well-characterized peptide components of fraction 5. These data provide the basis for (i) a potential mechanism for the in vivo immunorestorative effects of thymosin in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and (ii) identification of an additional, but as yet undefined, immunoregulatory component of thymosin fraction 5.The lymphokines are a group of mediators elaborated by activated lymphocytes that have important effects in the cascade of events following lymphocyte stimulation. T-cell growth factor (TCGF), also referred to as interleukin 2 (IL-2), has been widely studied (1) and is known to influence Tcell maturation, production of other lymphokines such as yinterferon (y-IFN) (2), and induction of natural killer and Tcell cytolytic activity (3,4). Recent attention has been focused both on the lack of TCGF production in certain immunodeficiency states and on the immunoregulatory potential of TCGF in enhancing depressed natural killer and virus specific cytotoxicity (5).The thymosins are a family of thymic humoral factors that have been proposed as hormonal agents with important immunoregulatory effects (6). Thymosins, as well as other thymic preparations, are being tested extensively in vivo, as biological response modifiers in clinical trials and experimental models of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), autoimmune disease, neoplasia, and aging (7-11). The (12)(13)(14). The biological properties of two of these peptides, thymosins a1 and f34, have been studied extensively (12, 13). It has been suggested from earlier studies that these two peptides do not account for all the biological activity of the parent compound (15-17).Since F5 increases immune responsiveness in children with primary immunodeficiencies (7) and in cancer patients (10), and is being tested in clinical trials of autoimmune disease (9) and the pre-AIDS complex (8), we asked whether F5 functions, at least in part, by modulating TCGF production. It has been reported that F5 and thymosin a1 increase production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) in the mouse and guinea pig (18, 19) and production of a-and y-IFN in mice (20) and humans (21). Thymulin (FTS, facteur thymique serique), another thymic factor, has been shown to increase TCGF production by cells of nude mice (22). Grinblat et al. have reported increased TCGF production by thymic humoral factor (THF) in aged animals (23).In this paper, we report that F5 substantially and consistently augments production of TCGF by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) ...

show abstract

“…The role of lymphokines in host immune surveillance is now widely accepted, and thymic preparations and peptides have all been reported to influence the production of these immune mediators. Thymosin a 1 (T c~ 1) and TS induce or enhance the production of IFN-7 by human peripheral blood lymphocytes [32,34], and IFN-c~ and IFN-y in murine systems [12,25], thymulin (FTS) [26,27], thymic humoral factor (THF) [10], thymosin fraction 5 (TF-5) [38], and porcine thymic hormone (PT1) [38] have all been reported to influence in vitro IL-2 production. Thus, FTS raised the in vitro IL-2 synthesis by immature T cells in murin thymus and in spleens of athymic nude mice [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of thymostimulin in patients with Hodgkin's disease in complete remission

Liberati

Ballatori

Fizzotti

et al. 1988

Cancer Immunol Immunother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 19 Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients (12 male, 7 female) aged 26-67 years, who had been in complete unmaintained remission for 6 months or more when the study was initiated, were randomly given 50 mg thymostimulin (TS) i.m. daily (G1) or every other day (G2) for 35 days. A third group (G3) was not treated. Then TS, at the same dose was administered twice a week for the following 22 weeks in patients both initially receiving loading or intermittent TS treatment. When compared with age- and sex-matched controls, as a group, the patients' circulating OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT11+ and E-AETR+ cells were depressed (P less than 0.001 for both proportions and absolute numbers), whereas their OKT8+ cell population was not. Following 5 weeks of daily TS administration, the proportions and numbers of all T cell fractions significantly increased in G1 patients (P less than 0.03 for all the comparisons tested), while following intermittent TS treatment (G2) only the proportions of OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells (P less than 0.03), but not of other T cell fractions, significantly increased. In addition, no significant changes in the absolute numbers of T cell fractions were observed in this group of patients. Furthermore, no spontaneous variations in the T cell pool size occurred in untreated patients. TS maintenance therapy did not produce any further improvement in the size of overall T cells and T cell subsets but sustained percentage and absolute numbers of these cells during administration and the absolute number of T cells even after discontinuation of therapy. The TS-induced improvement in the T cell pool was not associated with any change in the size of circulating non-T lymphocytes and monocytes. In vitro phytohemagglutinin-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) synthesis was assessed in 11 patients (3 G1, 4 G2, and 4 G3). Although it was not statistically significant, a rise in IL-2 and IFN-gamma production was observed in TS-treated patients, but not in untreated controls. TS failed to exert any effect on the serum circulating levels of neopterin, type I and II IFN, beta-2 microglobulin (B2-M) and immunoglobulins (Ig). TS can thus improve defective T cell frequences and numbers and may modulate IL-2 and IFN-gamma production.

show abstract

Induction and augmentation of mitogen‐induced immune interferon production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by N^α‐desacetylthymosin α_l

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Thymosin increases production of T-cell growth factor by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

A randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of thymostimulin in patients with Hodgkin's disease in complete remission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Induction and augmentation of mitogen‐induced immune interferon production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by Nα‐desacetylthymosin αl

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Thymosins, Lymphokines, and the Immunology of Aging

Thymosin increases production of T-cell growth factor by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

A randomized trial to evaluate the immunorestorative properties of thymostimulin in patients with Hodgkin's disease in complete remission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Induction and augmentation of mitogen‐induced immune interferon production in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by N^α‐desacetylthymosin α_l