Inducing Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism in Chicks

Irving, Elizabeth L.; Callender, M.G.; Sivak, J. G.

doi:10.1097/00006324-199105000-00007

Cited by 153 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…91 Other experimental methods using positive or negative lens as modulators of refractive error in chicks showed that the eye grows more slowly (developed hyperopia) or more rapidly (developed myopia), respectively. 85 Recent experiments also indicated that the low levels of lighting in laboratories played a major part in the development of myopia in these animal models of myopia, as they appear to be directly countered by high light levels. 57 (Smith et al, 2011 ARVO e-abstract 3922) The experimental models of myopia suggest that both retinal image degradation (hyperopic and myopic defocus) and accommodation play important roles in AL elongation and myopia formation in animals.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…83 Another early study on chicks found that monocular deprivation of form vision also produced myopia and eye enlargement. 84 These landmark studies ushered a new era in experimental myopia study and in the years since, models of form deprivation of myopia have been developed in a wide variety of animal species, including chicks, 85,86 tree shrews, 87,88 guinea pigs 89,90 and adult monkeys. 91 Other experimental methods using positive or negative lens as modulators of refractive error in chicks showed that the eye grows more slowly (developed hyperopia) or more rapidly (developed myopia), respectively.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Pan

Ramamurthy

Saw

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

715

569

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Background: Myopia, the most common type of refractive error, is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. However, the exact aetiology of myopia is still unclear. Purpose: To summarize the worldwide patterns and trends for the prevalence of myopia and to evaluate the risk factors for myopia in population-based studies. Recent findings: The prevalences of myopia vary across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In population-based studies on children, the prevalence of myopia has been reported to be higher in urban areas and Chinese ethnicity. The regional and racial difference is not so obvious in adult populations aged over 40 years. More time spent on near work, less time outdoors, higher educational level and parental history of myopia have been reported to increase the risk of myopia. Conclusions: Environmental factors play a crucial role in myopia development. The effect of gene-environment interaction on the aetiology of myopia is still controversial with inconsistent findings in different studies. A relatively hyperopic periphery can stimulate compensating eye growth in the centre. Longitudinal cohort studies or randomized clinical trials of community-based health behaviour interventions should be conducted to further clarify the aetiology of myopia.

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Section: Animal Models Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Models Of Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Pan

Ramamurthy

Saw

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

715

569

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, it is well known that central hyperopic defocus can cause myopia in chicks 15 and mice models 16 . In addition, experiments conducted by Smith et al [17][18][19] have shown that peripheral hyperopic defocus can cause myopic shift in monkeys.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

et al. 2015

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Myopia can cause severe visual impairment. Here, we report a two-stage genome-wide association study for three myopia-related traits in 9,804 Japanese individuals, which was extended with trans-ethnic replication in 2,674 Chinese and 2,690 Caucasian individuals. We identify WNT7B as a novel susceptibility gene for axial length (rs10453441, P meta ¼ 3.9 Â 10 À 13 ) and corneal curvature (P meta ¼ 2.9 Â 10 À 40 ) and confirm the previously reported association between GJD2 and myopia. WNT7B significantly associates with extreme myopia in a case-control study with 1,478 Asian patients and 4,689 controls (odds ratio (OR) meta ¼ 1.13, P meta ¼ 0.011). We also find in a mouse model of myopia downregulation of WNT7B expression in the cornea and upregulation in the retina, suggesting its possible role in the development of myopia.

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“…[6][7][8] These were proved by previous animal studies. [9][10][11][12][13] For example, animals, like birds, consistently experience near objects in their inferior visual field have longer superior ocular length. [14,15] A positive lens (blue, convex) causes the image to form in front of the retina (myopic defocus), whereas a negative lens (red, concave) pushes the image plane behind the retina (hyperopic defocus).…”

Section: Control Of Ocular Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Aberrations and Image Quality, Contact Lens and MYOPIA Progression

Shen¹

2014

Ophthalmology - Current Clinical and Research Updates

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Inducing Myopia, Hyperopia, and Astigmatism in Chicks

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

Ocular Aberrations and Image Quality, Contact Lens and MYOPIA Progression

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