Inducing Damage Diagnosis Capabilities in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Magnetoelastic Sensor Integration via 3D Printing

Abstract

This study investigates the possibility of inducing damage diagnosis capabilities in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite slabs using custom-built integrated sensors and conventional, affordable equipment. The concept utilizes magnetoelastic strips integrated via 3D printing procedures in composite slabs. Under external mechanical loading, the strip magnetization changes due to the magnetoelastic phenomenon. Accordingly, electrical signals may be passively induced in conventional reception coil circuits placed at a distance from the slab. Since these signals quantify the vibrating slab’s response, which is affected by the slab’s structural integrity, damage may be detected when specific signal characteristics change. Two main issues are examined, namely the ability of receiving meaningful (with respect to noise) electrical signals from the built-in strips despite their contact-less passive reception, and the potential of diagnosing damage using such signals. Hence, slabs of various sizes and levels of structural damage (notches) have been vibrated at different frequencies and amplitudes. Treating the experimental data from integrated strips by applying the proposed processing framework allows for calculating eigenfrequencies sensitive to occurring damage (and its severity), as verified by finite element models of the vibrating slabs. Accordingly, damage may be detected and evaluated via the currently proposed experimental testing and analysis framework.

Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in sustainable energy generation and battle against COVID-19 pandemic: The knowledge evolution of 3D printing

“…Aerospace components and medical implants are required to be manufactured with high-precision, minimized errors, and fewer defects in 3D printing. Therefore, various efforts have been conducted to solve the problems related to wear, error propagation, corrosion, damage assessment [ 138 ], and quality control in the 3DP process. Renewable energy harvesting using 3D printed mechanical energy devices is the most sustainable aspect of 3D printing, which involves harnessing small fractions of valuable energy from various ambient sources.…”

Nondestructive Contactless Monitoring of Damage in Joints between Composite Structural Components Incorporating Sensing Elements via 3D-Printing

“…To this end, the current study extends the use of the contactless damage diagnosis principle [19] from a single slab to more complex structures formed by in-series connected slabs and characterized by more challenging dynamics. Embedding sensing elements via 3D-printing in a structural member means that (even) contactless transmission and recording of signals can be obtained via the principle proposed in [19]. The added benefit is that the use of equipment such as amplifiers, accelerometers and piezoelectric sensors may be minimized.…”

“…Furthermore, the framework aims at using data potentially resulting from normal structure operation, in order to minimize the "off duty" inspection time of the monitored structure. Finally, with respect to test data evaluation/analysis, the framework aims at introducing techniques which do not require excessive time [19] or a significant level of expertise from the user [19,20] to yield accurate results. To this end, the current study extends the use of the contactless damage diagnosis principle [19] from a single slab to more complex structures formed by in-series connected slabs and characterized by more challenging dynamics.…”

“…Finally, with respect to test data evaluation/analysis, the framework aims at introducing techniques which do not require excessive time [19] or a significant level of expertise from the user [19,20] to yield accurate results. To this end, the current study extends the use of the contactless damage diagnosis principle [19] from a single slab to more complex structures formed by in-series connected slabs and characterized by more challenging dynamics. Embedding sensing elements via 3D-printing in a structural member means that (even) contactless transmission and recording of signals can be obtained via the principle proposed in [19].…”

“…On the other hand, all joints should be monitored, even though only one of the slabs involved incorporates the 3D-printed sensing element. For this reason, the contactless diagnosis principle in [19] (presented therein for a single slab) is now upgraded with respect to data evaluation techniques. Specifically, a novel approach for estimating damping values for a given mode is postulated.…”