Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1 Function through Redox Changes

Mou, Zhonglin; Fan, Weihua; Dong, Xinnian

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00429-x

Cited by 1,344 publications

(1,302 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Under unchallenged conditions, NPR1 protein exists as an oligomer and is excluded from the nucleus. When SAR is induced, monomeric NPR1 is formed, which accumulates in the nucleus and activates the expression of PR genes [20]. In addition to its role in SAR, NPR1 functions in crosstalk between SA-and JA-dependent defense signaling pathways (review see [28]).…”

Section: Regulation Of Production Of Herbivore-induced Air-borne Mesamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and emission of insect-induced methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate from rice

Zhao

Guan

Ferrer

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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Section: Regulation Of Production Of Herbivore-induced Air-borne Mesamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and emission of insect-induced methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate from rice

Zhao

Guan

Ferrer

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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“…The translocation of NPR1 from the cytosol to the nucleus is a critical regulatory step in PR gene expression. Monomerization of the oligomeric protein, which is localized in the cytosol, together with changes in the thiol-disulfide status and nitrosylation of the NPR1 protein are important for the movement into the nucleus [50][51][52][53]. SA-induced changes in cellular redox status trigger the reduction of the disulfide bonds on the NPR1 [51].…”

Section: Redox Regulation Of Npr1 and Related Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functions of WHIRLY1 and REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 in cross tolerance responses in plants: a hypothesis

Foyer

Karpińska

Krupinska

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

119

112

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Chloroplasts are important sensors of environment change, fulfilling key roles in the regulation of plant growth and development in relation to environmental cues. Photosynthesis produces a repertoire of reductive and oxidative (redox) signals that provide information to the nucleus facilitating appropriate acclimation to a changing light environment. Redox signals are also recognized by the cellular innate immune system allowing activation of non-specific, stress-responsive pathways that underpin cross tolerance to biotic–abiotic stresses. While these pathways have been intensively studied in recent years, little is known about the different components that mediate chloroplast-to-nucleus signalling and facilitate cross tolerance phenomena. Here, we consider the properties of the WHIRLY family of proteins and the REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (RRTF1) in relation to chloroplast redox signals that facilitate the synergistic co-activation of gene expression pathways and confer cross tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. We propose a new hypothesis for the role of WHIRLY1 as a redox sensor in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling leading to cross tolerance, including acclimation and immunity responses. By virtue of its association with chloroplast nucleoids and with nuclear DNA, WHIRLY1 is an attractive candidate coordinator of the expression of photosynthetic genes in the nucleus and chloroplasts. We propose that the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain triggers the movement of WHIRLY1 from the chloroplasts to the nucleus, and draw parallels with the regulation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1).

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“…After pathogen infection, these disulfide bonds are reduced allowing monomeric NPR1 to translocate to the nucleus where it exerts its co-activator function on many target genes (29). The complexity of this process was further revealed in a subsequent study where the authors showed that S-nitrosylation of NPR1 promoted its oligomerization and thus blunted its transcriptional activity (40).…”

Section: S-nitrosylation Of Plant Defense-related Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Redox-Active Molecules and Their Signaling Functions During the Expression of Plant Disease Resistance

Skelly

Loake

2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: Activation of immune responses in plants is associated with a parallel burst of both reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and nitric oxide (NO). The mechanisms by which these small redox-active molecules are synthesized and their signaling functions are critical for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infection. Recent Advances: The synthesis of apoplastic ROIs by plants after pathogen recognition has long been attributed to membrane-bound NAPDH oxidases. However, the emerging data suggest a role for other enzymes in various subcellular locations in ROI production after defense activation. It is becoming widely appreciated that NO exerts its biochemical function through the S-nitrosylation of reactive cysteine thiols on target proteins, constituting a key post-translational modification. Recent evidence suggests that S-nitrosylation of specific defense-related proteins regulates their activity. Critical Issues: The source(s) of NO production after pathogen recognition remain(s) poorly understood. Some NO synthesis can be attributed to the activity of nitrate reductase but to date, no nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been identified in higher plants. However, the signaling functions of S-nitrosylation are becoming more apparent and thus dissecting the molecular machinery underpinning this redox-based modification is vital to further our understanding of plant disease resistance. Future Directions: In addition to identifying new contributors to the oxidative burst, the discovery of an NOS in higher plants would significantly move the field forward. Since S-nitrosylation has now been confirmed to play various roles in immune signaling, this redox-based modification is a potential target to exploit for improving disease resistance in crop species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19,[990][991][992][993][994][995][996][997]

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Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1 Function through Redox Changes

Cited by 1,344 publications

References 44 publications

Biosynthesis and emission of insect-induced methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate from rice

Biosynthesis and emission of insect-induced methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate from rice

The functions of WHIRLY1 and REDOX-RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 in cross tolerance responses in plants: a hypothesis

Synthesis of Redox-Active Molecules and Their Signaling Functions During the Expression of Plant Disease Resistance

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