Induced volatiles in soybean and pigeon pea plants artificially infested with the neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, and their effect on the egg parasitoid, Telenomus podisi

Abstract

Herbivory is known to increase the emission of volatiles, which attract natural enemies to herbivoredamaged plants in laboratory and agricultural systems. We report on signalling through volatiles induced by Euschistus heros (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in two legumes that influence the attraction and retention of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Air-borne extracts obtained from two host plants of E. heros , soybean, Glycine max , and pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (Leguminosae), produce a different blend of emitted volatiles when attacked by adult males or females and nymphs of the pest species, compared with the undamaged plants. The same results were obtained when the plants were treated with extracted saliva of E. heros which had been mechanically introduced into the plants. This indicates that some substance in the saliva contributed to the release of the volatiles. Bioassays in a Y-tube olfactometer with female T. podisi and treated plants confirmed the significant preference of the egg parasitoid for plants attacked by either males, females, or fourth instar nymphs of the pest species. On the other hand, volatile extracts obtained from soybean subjected to the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis , a non-host species for T. podisi , showed a different blend of volatiles compared to those obtained from plants subjected to E. heros. Additionally, the volatiles obtained from this plant-host complex were not attractive to T. podisi . These results indicate that E. heros causes an increase in the emission of specific plant volatiles, and that the induction is possibly caused by an elicitor present in the pest saliva. The possibility that these plant volatiles play an important role in the attraction and retention of the egg parasitoid T. podisi is discussed.

Response of the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata to host and host‐habitat volatile cues

“…These compounds can be released in the absence of the host, but sometimes plants respond to the damage caused by the phytophagous insect and release volatile compounds that attract the parasitoid. In some instances, this system is far more specific and the plant releases parasitoid attracting volatiles only if the damage is caused by the parasitoid host (Turlings et al, 1990(Turlings et al, , 1991aMattiacci et al, 1995;Blassiolo Moraes et al, 2005;Fatouros et al, 2005;Tentelier et al, 2005). Laboratory and field studies have shown the importance of volatile compounds released by the plant as a response to host feeding (Dicke & Baldwin, 2010 and references therein).…”

Semiochemicals from plants and insects on the foraging behavior of Platygastridae egg parasitoids

“…Moreover, in several plant-herbivore-parasitoid systems, this specificity could be related to plant genotypes, plant physiology, phenological stages, host developmental stage, among others (Turlings et al, 1995;Moraes et al, 2005). This suggests that the use of semiochemicals for parasitoid management needs to be studied Pesq. agropec.…”

“…However, there are still several questions about the importance of these compounds and how they affect the attraction of natural enemies. Most of the pioneering works on HIPVs and their effects on parasitoid behavior were conducted on arable crops, such as maize (Zea mays L.), by Turlings et al (1991) and Takabayashi et al (1995); cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), by Turlings et al (1995) and Cortesero et al (1997); rice (Oryza sativa L.), by Lou et al (2005) and Melo Machado et al (2014); soybean, by Moraes et al (2005Moraes et al ( , 2008 and Michereff et al (2011Michereff et al ( , 2013; and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), by Colazza et al (2004).…”

“…In general, information from plants, such as herbivore-or oviposition-induced volatiles, is used as long-range cues to locate the host (Kessler & Baldwin, 2002;Moraes et al, 2005Moraes et al, , 2008. For short-range cues, when close to the host, parasitoids may use defensive compounds, sex pheromones, and cuticular hydrocarbons (Borges et al, 1998(Borges et al, , 2003Laumann et al, 2009).…”

Plasticidade da aprendizagem de Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associada a voláteis de frutos e óleos essenciais

“…Em sistemas tritróficos, voláteis provenientes de plantas atraem parasitoides (Turlings & Ton, 2006;Wyckhuys & Heimpel, 2007;Belda & Riudavets, 2010), os quais utilizam estas pistas na localização de hospedeiros (Mattiacci et al, 1995;Blassioli Moraes et al, 2005;Fatouros et al, 2005;Tentelier et al, 2005). A forma como estes insetos interpretam a informação pode ser um comportamento inato (Vet et al, 1995;Vinson, 1998) ou modificado (experiência), podendo resultar em uma aprendizagem (Matthews & Matthews, 2010).…”