Induced variability for C18 unsaturated fatty acids in Ethiopian mustard

Abstract

Velasco, L., Fernández-Martínez, J. M. and De Haro, A. 1997. Induced variability for C18 unsaturated fatty acids in Ethiopian mustard. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 91-95. The improvement of oil composition for C18 unsaturated fatty acids is one of the most important breeding objectives for the development of high-quality Ethiopian mustard oil. The objective of this research was to induce variability for fatty acid composition in this species using chemical mutagenesis. Seeds of line C-101 were treated with 1% ethylmethane sulfonate and the progenies of 8331 M2 plants were screened for fatty acid composition of the oil with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy followed by gas liquid chromatography on selected plants. Oleic and linoleic desaturation ratios (ODR and LDR, respectively) were used to detect putative mutants with altered levels of C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Seven of these mutants were isolated and M4 lines were developed. Six lines were characterized by low ODR, showing an increase in oleic acid and a reduction in linoleic acid. Three of these lines also showed reduced levels of linolenic acid. The other mutant line showed a decrease in both LDR and linolenic acid content. Since different enzyme systems seemed to be altered, a further oil improvement for C18 unsaturated fatty acids may be achieved through recombination among mutants. Key words:Brassica carinata Braun, C18 unsaturated fatty acids, mutagenesis Velasco, L., Fernandez-Martinez, J. M. et Dettaro, A. 1997. Variabilité induite de la composition en acides gras insaturés en C18 de l'huile de la moutarde d'Éthiopie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 91-95. L'amélioration de la composition de l'huile de la moutarde d'Éthiopie en acides gras insaturés C18 est l'un des objectifs de sélection les plus importants pour l'obtention d'une huile de haute qualité. L'objet des travaux présentés ici était d'induire la variabilité de la composition acidolipidique chez cette espèce par mutagenèse chimique. Des graines de la lignée C-101 étaient traitées au sulfonate d'éthylméthane et les descendances de 8 331 plantes M2 étaient testées pour la composition acidolipidique de l'huile par spectroscopie de réflectance dans le proche infrarouge, suivie de l'analyse de certaines plantes par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Les ratios de désaturation oléique et linoléique (respectivement, ODR et LDR) étaient utilisées pour déceler les mutants susceptibles de présenter des teneurs modifiées en acides gras insaturés en C18. On a ainsi pu isoler 7 de ces mutants, dont ont été obtenues des lignées M4. Six lignées étaient marquées par un ratio ODR bas démontrant un accroissement des teneurs en acide oléique et une réduction de celle en acide linoléique. La lignée restante manifestait une diminution, tant du ratio LDR que de la teneur en acide linolénique. Comme les différents systèmes enzymatiques en cause semblaient modifiés, il serait possible de pousser davantage l'amélioration de la teneur de l'huile en acides gras insaturés en C18 par recombinaison des divers mutants. Mots clés:...

EMS-induced Mutagenesis for C18 Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…Compared to the untreated 'Tamla' seeds, linoleic and linolenic acid contents in the mutant lines decreased by nearly 5~6% and 1~2%, respectively. Similar changes in fatty acid profile after EMS treatment have been reported in winter rapeseed (Spasibionek, 2006) and Ethiopian mustard (Velasco et al, 1997). Spasibionek (2006) selected two mutants, M-10453 and M-10464, with increased levels of oleic acid (approximately 76%) and reduced linoleic and linolenic acid contents (8.5% and 7.5%, respectively).…”

Inheritance of high oleic acid content in new sourcesof groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…The standard ring cup (IH-0325, Infrasoft International, LLC, France) was implemented with an Teflon adapter for single seed alaysis (Velasco et al 1997). Before using NIR spectrophotometer, it was calibrated using chemical reference method with the application of multivariate regression models to interpret chemical information encoded in the spectral data.…”

Variation for fatty acids and oil quality parameters in backcross population of groundnut (<italic>Arachis hypogaea</italic> L.)

“…Un derstan ding en zyma tic an d genet ic cont rol of denaturation has helped breeders to select for specific fatty acid profiles in groundnut. Oleic acid desaturation ratio was used to measure the activity of desaturase enzyme (Velasco et al, 1997). Oleic acid desaturation ratio associated positively with stearic acid, oleic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, O/L ratio, total long chain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio.…”

“…Before spectra acquisition, a reference spectrum was collected from a standard check cell (IH-0324A, Infrasoft International, LLC, France). Different oil quality parameters estimated as per the formula by Velasco et al, (1997); Mozingo et al, (1988) and Dwivedi et al, (1998).…”