Induced symbiosis mutants of pea (Pisum sativum) and sweetclover (Melilotus alba annua)

Kneen, Barbara E.; LaRue, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(88)90007-6

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[6][7][8] and indistinguishable from that in Sparkle (not shown). Thread branches entered divided cells ( Fig.…”

Section: Nodule Development In E2 (Sym 5)mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Sparkle was mutagenized to induce symbiosis (sym) gene mutants defective in nodulation (8). Seven mutants at the sym 5 locus were independently selected as having few or no nodules (7,8). The sym 5 mutants are temperature sensitive; in growth rooms, a few nodules consistently form at a cool root temperature (12°C), whereas nodules rarely develop at higher root temperatures (20-23°C) (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sparkle was mutagenized to induce symbiosis (sym) gene mutants defective in nodulation (8). Seven mutants at the sym 5 locus were independently selected as having few or no nodules (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Microscopy Study of Nodule Initiation in Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle and in Its Low-Nodulating Mutant E2 (sym 5)

Guinel¹,

LaRue²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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We compared nodule initiation in lateral roots of Pisum sativum (L.) cv Sparkle and in a low-nodulating mutant E2 (sym 5). In Sparkle, about 25% of the infections terminated in the epidermis, a similar number stopped in the cortex, and 50% resulted in the formation of a nodule meristem or an emerged nodule. The mutant E2 (sym 5) was infected as often as was the parent, and it formed a normal infection thread. In the mutant, cell divisions rarely occurred in advance of the infection thread, and few nodule primordia were produced. Growing the mutant at a low root temperature or adding Ag+ to the substrate increased the number of cell divisions and nodule primordia. We conclude that, in the E2 line, the infection process is arrested in the cortex, at the stage of initial cell divisions before the establishment of a nodule primordium.Pisum sativum (L.) cv Sparkle forms many small nodules on its lateral roots, mostly within 2.5 cm of the primary root. Sparkle was mutagenized to induce symbiosis (sym) gene mutants defective in nodulation (8). Seven mutants at the sym 5 locus were independently selected as having few or no nodules (7,8). The sym 5 mutants are temperature sensitive; in growth rooms, a few nodules consistently form at a cool root temperature (12°C), whereas nodules rarely develop at higher root temperatures (20-23°C) (3). At both temperatures, nodulation of the sym 5 mutants is enhanced if roots are treated with aminoethoxyvinylglycine or Ag+, which are inhibitors of ethylene formation or action, respectively (4). This suggests that, in the sym 5 mutants, some stage of nodule formation is oversensitive to ethylene.Nodule development in peas has been described by a number of authors (10,14). Briefly, after root hair curling and infection thread formation, the infection thread branches in the outer cortex and grows toward the inner cortex. In the inner cortex, anticlinal cell divisions occur in advance of the thread and a nodule primordium is established. The infection thread branches grow into this center of dividing cells, releasing bacteria from the tips of the threads. A nodule meristem forms at one end of the nodule primordium, and eventually an infected nodule emerges from the root.In this study, we compared a mutant sym 5 line with its Because it was impractical to study the entire root, we conducted a census of the infection stages in two representative portions of lateral roots. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of Pisum sativum (L.) cv Sparkle and of the mutant E2 (sym 5) were surface sterilized for 8 min with 5% (v/v) aqueous household bleach and rinsed several times with sterile distilled water. Seeds were planted individually in 3.5-x 20-cm conical pots (Ray Leach Conetainer Nursery, Canby, OR) filled with coarse vermiculite wetted with nutrient solution (3). The plants were subirrigated with nutrient solution and grown under high pressure sodium vapor and metal halide lamps (550 ,umol m-2 s-' PPFD) with a day/night cycle of 16/8 h. Roots were kept at a constant temperature of either 12 or 23...

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“…[6][7][8] and indistinguishable from that in Sparkle (not shown). Thread branches entered divided cells ( Fig.…”

Section: Nodule Development In E2 (Sym 5)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Microscopy Study of Nodule Initiation in Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle and in Its Low-Nodulating Mutant E2 (sym 5)

Guinel¹,

LaRue²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…Nucleotide-CKs have long been considered resistant to CKX (Laloue and Fox 1989); however, recently, Werner et al (2003) observed a significant reduction in [9R-MP]Z and iP-NT in four lines of CKX-overproducing transgenic Arabidopsis. Because R50 (sym16) was created via gamma radiation (Kneen and LaRue 1988), it is highly probable that it is a loss-of-function mutant, suggesting that the defect in R50 CK metabolism is probably one occurring in its degradation.…”

Section: The Etiolation Phenotype and Ck Profile Of R50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin accumulation and an altered ethylene response mediate the pleiotropic phenotype of the pea nodulation mutant R50 (sym16)

Ferguson¹,

Wiebe²,

Emery³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Bot.

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R50 (sym16), a pleiotropic mutant of Pisum sativum L., is short, has thickened internodes and roots, and has a reduced number of lateral roots and nodules. Its low nodule phenotype can be restored with the application of ethylene inhibitors; furthermore, it can be mimicked by applying cytokinins (CKs) to the roots of the parent line ‘Sparkle’. Here, we report on the etiolation phenotypes of R50 and ‘Sparkle’, and on the interactive roles of ethylene and CKs in these lines. R50 displayed an altered etiolation phenotype, as it was shorter and thicker, and had more developed leaves than dark-grown ‘Sparkle’. Shoot morphological differences induced by exogenous ethylene or CKs were found to be less severe for R50. Ethylene inhibitor application induced root and shoot elongation and encouraged apical hook opening in both etiolated lines. Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated that CK concentrations in R50 were higher than in ‘Sparkle’, particularly in mature shoots where the levels were maintained at elevated concentrations. These differences indicate a reduction in the CK catabolism of R50. The accumulation of CKs can be directly related to several traits of R50, with the reduced number of nodules and altered shoot ethylene response being likely indirect effects. Key words: cytokinin, de-etiolation, ethylene, etiolation, pea, nodulation mutant.

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“…Следует отметить, что в данном исследо- вании наблюдалась очень высокая частота возникнове-ния потенциальных симбиотических мутантов -2,17 % (45 мутантов на 2069 проанализированных растений М 2 ). Эта частота превышает величины, описанные в ходе проведения других программ по мутагенезу гороха (Borisov et al, 1992;Duc, Messager, 1989;Engvild, 1987;Jacobsen, 1984;Kneen, LaRue, 1988;Sagan, Duc, 1996;Tsyganov et al, 1994). В то же время следует отметить, что не все потенциальные мутанты подтвердили стабиль-ность проявления мутантного фенотипа в ряду поколе-ний, что может объясняться, прежде всего, сложностью проявления симбиотических признаков, зависящих от взаимодействия генотипов макро-и микросимбионтов, а также сильного влияния окружающей среды на прояв-ление данных признаков.…”

Section: гибридологический анализunclassified

Novel series os pea symbiotic mutants induced in the SGE line

Tsyganov

Voroshilova²,

Розов

et al. 2012

Ecological genetics

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Using ethylmethansulphonate the chemical mutagenesis of the pea laboratory line SGE was performed. During analysis of 425 families (2069 plants) of М2 progeny 45 putative mutants were selected, among them 30 mutants forming ineffective nodules (Fix– phenotype), 13 mutantsunable to form nodules (Nod– phenotype), and 2 mutants forming a few nodules (Nod+/– phenotype). For 1 Nod– and 5 Fix– mutants monogenic inheritance and recessive phenotype manifestation were demonstrated. For Fix– mutant SGEFix––9 an additional mutation leading to Nod+/– phenotype was shown. Complementation analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of the SGEFix- - 5 line is caused by a mutation in the sym33 gene, of theSGEFix––6 linein the sym40 gene, of the SGEFix––7 line in the sym27 gene, and of the SGEFix––8 linein the sym25 gene.

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Induced symbiosis mutants of pea (Pisum sativum) and sweetclover (Melilotus alba annua)

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Light Microscopy Study of Nodule Initiation in Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle and in Its Low-Nodulating Mutant E2 (sym 5)

Light Microscopy Study of Nodule Initiation in Pisum sativum L. cv Sparkle and in Its Low-Nodulating Mutant E2 (sym 5)

Cytokinin accumulation and an altered ethylene response mediate the pleiotropic phenotype of the pea nodulation mutant R50 (sym16)

Novel series os pea symbiotic mutants induced in the SGE line

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