Induced Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to Various Antibiotics

The Relation between Induced Resistance to Penicillin and Oxygen Utilization

“…The results of attempts to induce penicillin resistance in the other three organisms by the serial dilution method are presented in figures 3 and 4. The resistance curve for S. aureus 209 (obtained by Klimek et al, 1948) is included for comparison. The resistance of S.faecalis 10CI increased 11 times in 47 transfers, that of S. mastitidis 68C 6 times in 24 transfers, and that of C. welchii M 10 times in 25 transfers.…”

“…Abraham et al (1941) developed a variant of Staphylococcus aureus one thousand times more resistant to penicillin than the parent strain. Numerous authors (Gardner, 1940;Smith and Hay, 1942;Fisher, 1946;and Klimek et al, 1948) have reported that growth in the presence of penicillin may be accompanied by such morphological changes as pleomorphism, filament formation, enlarged cells, and loss of the gram-positive character. There have been few reports, however, on the physiological changes caused by exposure to penicillin.…”

Fighting microbial drug resistance: a primer on the role of evolutionary biology in public health

“…Early work on resistance revealed that most antibioticresistant bacteria grow more slowly than susceptible bacteria, a phenomenon then called 'loss of fastness' (Todd et al 1945;Blair et al 1946;Eriksen 1946;Miller and Bohnhoff 1947;Klimek et al 1948). This fitness cost, manifested as a reduced competitive ability in the absence of the antibiotic (Andersson 2006), often arises from the effects of resistance mutations on the function, stability, and folding of the protein targeted by the antibiotics (DePristo et al 2005;MacLean et al 2010a).…”

Some Properties of Penicillin-resistant Staphylococci

“…Since Gardner (1940) observed that exposure to penicillin was accompanied by swelling of the bacterial cells, many authors (e.g., Fisher, 1946) have confirmed and extended his observations. Klimek et al (1948) have shown that recently derived resistant variants of S. aureus 209P are larger than the parent culture and are gram-positive. When 1948] 157…”