Induced pluripotent Stem Cells: Where we are currently?

Abstract

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming an adult somatic cell genome to the stage of a pluripotent stem cell in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors that are important for the maintenance of pluripotency. The iPSCs seem to be very similar to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) in terms of morphology, cell surface markers and gene expression levels, but recent studies have demonstrated some differences between the two cell types. However, iPSCs might have potential application in regenerative medicine, transplantation, drug testing, disease modelling, and avoidance of tissue rejection and with less ethical concern than ESCs. This paper aims to present the most important characteristics of iPSCs which have therapeutic significance.

Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Go Diabetic: A Glimpse on Monogenic Variants

“…Furthermore, genetic aberrations after reprogramming might bear tumorigenic potential and thus provoke carcinogenesis in the transplanted iPSC-derived tissues (174). Additionally, iPSC-derived tissues need to be manufactured according to SOPs and GMP guidelines which need lots of effort to implement those prerequisites into standard clinical care (175).…”

Questionnaire for evaluating information, knowledge, and attitudes on donation, storage, and application of induced pluripotent stem cells

“…The discovery of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) opened the possibilities for reprogramming adult somatic cells back to a pluripotent state in vitro by inducing a forced expression of specific transcription factors so-called Yamanaka factors (i.e.,Oct3/4,Sox2,Klf4, or using the similar set of four transcription factors so-called Thompsons's modification of Yamnaka factors (i.e.,Oct4,Sox2,Nanog,and Lin28) (TAKAHASHI, YAMANAKA, 2006;GURDON, 2006;TAKAHASHI et al, 2007;YU et al, 2007;YAMANAKA, 2008;LOWRY et al, 2008;LANZA, АTALA, 2014;RANČIĆ et al, 2020). These type of stem cells have common features with Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) in terms of surface antigen expression, telomerase activity, gene expression, proliferation, and morphology, also could be differentiated into the cells of all three germ layers (LAKO et al, 2010;RAŠČANIN et al, 2019;RANČIĆ et al, 2020).…”

“…But it is very important to note that there is a risk of tumorogenesis. More research is needed to fully understand the reprogramming system and how iPSCs can be controlled to produce a sufficient number of cells with high quality and safety requirements for use in stem cells treatments (WAKUI et al, 2017;VOLAREVIC et al, 2018;RAŠČANIN et al, 2019;ZAKRZEWSKI, 2019;RANČIĆ et al, 2020).…”