Induced monoterpene and lignin production in mechanically stressed and fungal elicited cultured Cupressus lusitanica cells

Abstract

Cultured Cupressus lusitanica cells induced by various stresses are thought to produce different complexes of defense chemicals to optimize defense. To compare the induced products of two stimulations, we investigated the emission of monoterpenes, biosynthesis of b-thujaplicin, and accumulation of lignin in mechanically stressed and fungal elicited cultured C. lusitanica cells. Both mechanical stress and fungal elicitor caused emission of qualitatively similar monoterpene blends indicating de novo biosynthesis of these compounds after stimulation, while mechanical stress alone is sufficient to induce fungal elicitor-related monoterpene emission. Sabinene and limonene were the dominant compounds over the time course in both volatile blends. Although the emitted volatile blends were qualitatively similar, the time course and the relative ratios of the constituents of the volatile blends differed with the type of stimulation. While fungal elicited cells produced significant amounts of b-thujaplicin over the 5-day time course, no b-thujaplicin was observed in the mechanically stressed cells. The production of b-thujaplicin was the main dissimilarity of the induced products of these two treatments, suggesting that synthesis of b-thujaplicin is not a general response to all types of stresses, but is a specific response and serves as a strong toxic compound against already invaded fungus. Significantly higher amounts of lignin accumulations were observed in the fungal elicited and mechanically stressed cells on the 5th day after induction. Based on these results, we suggest the composition of induced products was dependent on the method of stimulation.

Induction of lignans and phenolic compounds in cell culture of Linum album by culture filtrate of Fusarium graminearum

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The Relationship among the Structural, Cellular, and Physical Properties of Walnut Shells

“…Remarkably, the L1 layer consists of sclereids, which constitute the main point of lignin deposition in the shell. Conversely, lignin deposition, a key mechanism in host resistance, contributes to cell wall lignification, which may retard pathogen colonization (Alwis et al, 2009;Hahlbrock and Scheel, 2003). The lignin content of the QX walnut shell was significantly higher than the other cultivars, which could explain its popularity and high resistance to disease.…”

On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type

“…Plants produce essential oils (De Alwis et al, 2009;López et al, 2007), alkaloids (Holmes et al, 2008), enzymes, lignin (Panov and Terziev, 2009), terpenoids (Bednarek and Osbourn, 2009;Collado et al, 2007;De Alwis et al, 2009;Dutta et al, 2009), or tannins (Exarchos and Given, 1977;Given, 1984;Given et al, 1983) as protection against microbes. Fungi alter their environment by producing antibiotics (Bose, 1953;Holding and Franklin, 1965;Waksman, 1944;Wallace and Dickinson, 1978;among others) or by re-using terpenoids against other fungal species (Rikkinen and Poinar, 2000).…”