Induced Lethargy and the Radiation Control of Insects1

Grosch, Daniel S.

doi:10.1093/jee/49.5.629

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…One major difference between the grasshoppers and all other insects studied is that, because of their large size, only a part of the grasshopper's head was irradiated as opposed to the entire head in the other taxa. We note that, consistent with other studies [11,12,23], the loss of locomotor abilities observed in the insects at lower dosages was temporary, indicating radiation-induced lethargy. In many individuals, we observed recovery minutes to hours later, suggesting that radiation damage was at least partially repairable.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Radiation causes molecular damage, including protein and lipid oxidation and gene transmutation; however, the effects depend on dose [9]. Previous studies show that fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) [10] and wasps ( Habrobracon and Bracon hebetor ) [11,12] temporarily lose motor control after a dose of about 1–2 kGy, but recover to normal behavior within minutes [9] or hours [12]. At exposures greater than 2.5 kGy, insects do not recover, although it is unclear when death actually occurs [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At exposures greater than 2.5 kGy, insects do not recover, although it is unclear when death actually occurs [12]. Feeding patterns are affected after 600 ( D. melanogaster ) [13] to 1000 Gy ( Bracon hebetor Say) [11]. In one study of D. melanogaster receiving doses of 600 Gy, metabolic rates were unaffected one day after irradiation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

et al. 2007

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BackgroundDespite advances in imaging techniques, real-time visualization of the structure and dynamics of tissues and organs inside small living animals has remained elusive. Recently, we have been using synchrotron x-rays to visualize the internal anatomy of millimeter-sized opaque, living animals. This technique takes advantage of partially-coherent x-rays and diffraction to enable clear visualization of internal soft tissue not viewable via conventional absorption radiography. However, because higher quality images require greater x-ray fluxes, there exists an inherent tradeoff between image quality and tissue damage.ResultsWe evaluated the tradeoff between image quality and harm to the animal by determining the impact of targeted synchrotron x-rays on insect physiology, behavior and survival. Using 25 keV x-rays at a flux density of 80 μW/mm-2, high quality video-rate images can be obtained without major detrimental effects on the insects for multiple minutes, a duration sufficient for many physiological studies. At this setting, insects do not heat up. Additionally, we demonstrate the range of uses of synchrotron phase-contrast imaging by showing high-resolution images of internal anatomy and observations of labeled food movement during ingestion and digestion.ConclusionSynchrotron x-ray phase contrast imaging has the potential to revolutionize the study of physiology and internal biomechanics in small animals. This is the only generally applicable technique that has the necessary spatial and temporal resolutions, penetrating power, and sensitivity to soft tissue that is required to visualize the internal physiology of living animals on the scale from millimeters to microns.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

et al. 2007

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“…Heidenthal (1945) and Grosch (1956) observed radiation-induced 'sluggishness', lethargy, and leg twitchings of braconid wasps, and suggested involvement of the nervous system. Heidenthal (1945) and Grosch (1956) observed radiation-induced 'sluggishness', lethargy, and leg twitchings of braconid wasps, and suggested involvement of the nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the difference in magnitude of the dose to cause lethality, the patterns of radiationinduced mortality for the two groups are distinctly dissimilar. There is some evidence that the dosedependent pattern of mortality observed in the wasps and flies results from damage to the nervous system (Heidenthal, 1945;Grosch, 1956;Miquel et al, 1972). In the high-dose group, radia-tion-induced death does not occur in any specific post-irradiation time period, and increasing the dose causes progressively earlier death.…”

Section: Lntroductio~lmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

Cheng

Ducoff

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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This study reports the first demonstration within a single insect genus (Tribolium) of both the acute, or lethal-midlethal, dose-independent pattern of mortality, and the hyperacute, dose-dependent pattern, after appropriate doses of ionizing radiation. This demonstration provides resolution of apparently contradictory reports of insect responses in terms of doses required to cause lethality and those based on survival time as a function of dose. A dose-dependent mortality pattern was elicited in adult Tribolium receiving high doses, viz., 300 Gy or greater; its time-course was complete in 10 days, before the dose-independent m~rtality began. Visual observations of heavily-irradiated Tribolium suggested neural and/or neuromuscular damage, as had been previously proposed by others for lethally-irradiated wasps, flies, and mosquitoes. Results of experiments using fractionated high doses supported the suggestion that the hypeIacute or high-dose mode of death is the result of damage to nonproliferative tissues. Relative resistance of a strain to the hyperacute or high-dose mode of death is not necessarily correlated with resistance to the midlethal mode, which is believed to be the result of damage to the proliferative cells of the midgut.

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10.1007/BF00186737

2011

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Induced Lethargy and the Radiation Control of Insects1

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

Real-time phase-contrast x-ray imaging: a new technique for the study of animal form and function

High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

10.1007/BF00186737

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