Induced interleukin-33 expression enhances the tumorigenic activity of rat glioma cells

Abstract

Accordingly, we concluded that glioma cells with abundant production of IL-33 grow rapidly; moreover, the interactions of multiple cytokines/chemokines induced by glioma cells may develop a microenvironment that facilitates microglia/macrophage infiltration and fosters glioma growth in the brain.

Wounds that heal and wounds that don’t − The role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue repair and tumorigenesis

“…The proposed mechanism responsible for the enhanced tumour growth was the increase in the number of infiltrating immunosuppressive immune cells and innate lymphoid cells, providing further evidence of the role of IL-33 in driving carcinogenesis [95]. Consistent with a role for IL-33 and ST2 in promoting tumour metastasis and invasion, inhibition of IL-33 and ST2 in glioma cells resulted in reduced tumour growth and colony formation in vitro, and reduced tumour size in vivo [96]. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), it has been shown that administration of IL-33 promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [97].…”

Transforming growth factor-β pathway activity in glioblastoma

“…Interestingly, this study provides evidence that pSmad1/5/8 may correlate with pSmad2 levels (Figure 3) and TGF-β 1 protein levels (Figure 3) and that high pSmad1/5/8 protein levels are associated with inferior survival (Supplementary Figure 8 and 10). These observations call for further studies on the role of pSmad1/5/8 in glioblastoma, e.g., BMP antagonists may protect tumor cells from BMP-induced, pSmad1/5/8-mediated differentiation [20, 21]. …”

The IL-33/ST2 axis: Role in health and disease

“…Using ST2-deficient mice, a reduction was shown in tumor progression and metastasis as compared to WT mice was accompanied by increased numbers of intra-tumor CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells [86]. Similarly, inhibition of IL-33 using a lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown in a rat model of glioma attenuated tumor progression [87]. On the other hand, IL-33 may be involved in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition which drives tumor invasion and migration [88].…”