Induced infiltration from the Rockaway River and water chemistry in a stratified-drift aquifer at Dover, New Jersey, with a section on modeling ground-water flow in the Rockaway River Valley

Abstract

3 1 ContentsI iil CONTENTS (continued) Model sensitivity to selected hydraulic properties 3 65 Streambed leakance and stream loss 3 65 Hydraulic conductivity of bedrock valley east of Dover well field 3 66 Hydraulic conductivity of upland till 3 67 Summary 3 73 References cited 3 75 FIGURES 1-2. Maps showing locations of: 1. Northeast Glacial Aquifers RASA study area and localities selected for detailed study 32. Altitude of Rockaway River surface at four measurement sites, September 1983 through September 1985 � 49 33. Map showing land-surface altitude as simulated in Dover models 3 52 34-37. Maps showing Dover model grid and locations of : 34. Variable-Recharge zones � 54 35. Urbanized zones wherein water available for recharge was reduced � 55 36. Hydraulic conductivity zones, layer 1 � 57 37. Hydraulic conductivity zones, layer 2 � 58 38. Diagram showing locations of observation wells in relation to model grid and to a uniformly spaced interpolated grid within Dover well-field subregion. � 59 39. Graphs showing observed and adjusted water levels in individual wells on dates used for model calibration, and corresponding water levels simulated by models 1 and 6 3 63 40. Maps showing simulated heads in layer 1 of model 6 within the Dover well-field subregion, for six transient stress periods � 64 41-42. Maps showing head and flow direction at end of summer in Dover models: 41. In layer 2 of model 1 � 68 42. In layer 2 of model 2 � 69 43. Profiles along model row 14 showing effect of hydraulic conductivity of upland till on simulated end-of-summer heads under long-term average conditions 3 70 44-45. Maps showing simulated head and flow direction in Dover models at end of summer under long-term average conditions: 44. In layer 1 of model 1 3 71 In layer 1 of model 3 � 72Contents v TABLES 1.Ground-water withdrawals from Dover municipal well field, 1984-1985 3 10 2. Range and median concentration of major inorganic solutes and dissolved solids in Rockaway River, piezometers, and wells at Dover, N.J., July 1984 through August 1985 � 13 3. Carbon dioxide pressure and saturation indices for selected mineral phases in Rockaway River, piezometers, and wells at Dover, N.J. � 18 4. Chemical reactions that control solute chemistry near Dover, N.J. � 19 5. Computed and observed solute chemistry and isotope content at center of Dover well field (wellT5), September 1984 � 21 6. Regression equations developed to represent diurnal cycles of water-quality characteristics in Rockaway River and piezometer P2 at Dover, N.J., June 2-6, 1986 � 27 7. Alternative estimates of time required for diurnal dissolved-oxygen cycles to travel through streambed of Rockaway River at Dover, N.J., June 2-6, 1986 3 29 8. Seepage losses calculated from measurements of streamflow in the Rockaway River at Dover, N.J. . 3 33 9. Water-transmitting properties of the bed of the Rockaway River at Dover, N.J., as computed by four methods � 34 10. Maximum head differences across the streambed of the Rockaway River at Dover, N.J., measured July 6-7, 1988 � 35 ...