Induced Hypocalcaemia in Cows and Sheep II. Changes in Plasma Potassium Levels

Daniel, R.C.W.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(17)32386-2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A similar reduction in blood K + concentration is observed for spontaneous milk fever with severe clinical signs (Littledike et al, 1969). Low K + concentration during the EDTA challenge may be a physiological consequence of hypocalcemia; the stress associated with hypocalcemia may cause elevation of plasma ACTH, which could contribute to the reduction of blood K + concentration during hypocalcemia (Daniel, 1980). Our results indicate that cows fed the HIGH diet had a significantly lesser mean blood K + concentration than those fed LOW and MED diets.…”

Section: Blood Potassium Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Heron

Tremblay

Oba

2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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Forages low in dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) can be used to decrease the DCAD in prepartum diet but the extent to which DCAD needs to be reduced is of recent interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of timothy hays differing in DCAD at maintaining Ca homeostasis. Six nonlactating and nonpregnant multiparous Holstein cows were fed diets containing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hay with DCAD values of 4.1 +/- 3.6 (LOW), 14.1 +/- 3.0 (MED), or 25.1 +/- 2.5 (HIGH) mEq per 100 g of DM in a duplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. The LOW and MED hays were produced by fertilizing established timothy fields at a rate of 224 kg CaCl(2) per ha, and HIGH hay was obtained from the same field where LOW hay was produced, but from a section not fertilized with CaCl(2). Experimental diets, containing LOW, MED, or HIGH timothy hay at 71% of dietary DM, had DCAD values of 0.7, 7.3, and 14.4 mEq per 100 g of DM, respectively. Animals were fed at 6% of metabolic body weight, which provided 108% of their daily energy requirement. For each period, after a 12 d diet adaptation, cows were subjected to an EDTA challenge (3 cows each on d 13 and 14). Infusion of EDTA solution into the jugular vein decreases the concentration of blood ionized Ca, and the EDTA challenge protocol determined the resistance time and recovery time: the time required for the blood ionized Ca concentration to decrease to 60%, and the time required to recover to 90% of the prechallenge concentrations, respectively. Urine pH was lower when cows were fed LOW compared with HIGH diet (6.88 vs. 7.83), but urine pH when cows were fed MED diet (7.15) did not differ from that when cows received the LOW or HIGH diet. However, immediately before the EDTA challenge, blood pH was lower when cows were fed LOW or MED compared with HIGH diet (7.44 vs. 7.47). Although the resistance time was not affected by treatments, the recovery time was shorter when cows were fed the LOW compared with MED or HIGH diet (185 vs. 248 and 263 min, respectively). Blood pH decreased when cows were fed the LOW or MED diet, but the capability to maintain Ca homeostasis was enhanced only when cows received the LOW diet, in which the DCAD value was decreased to 1 mEq per 100 g of DM.

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Section: Blood Potassium Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 60%

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Heron

Tremblay

Oba

2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In contrast, plasma potassium does change during spontaneous milk fever (Littledike et al, 1969). Similarly, lowered potassium has been found during Na 2 EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia and may remain low for several hours after infusion (Daniel, 1980;Fenwick and Daniel, 1992). An increase has been reported during infusion just prior to the paretic stage, whereafter it dropped to below initial values (Berger and Gerber, 1977;Desmecht et al, 1995).…”

Section: Sodium Chloride and Potassiummentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Most investigators analysed total plasma Mg and found either unaltered plasma Mg throughout the infusion period (Ramberg et al, 1967;Berger and Gerber, 1977;Daniel, 1980;Desmecht et al, 1995) or a minor increase within normal levels (Fenwick and Daniel, 1992). Although Daniel (1980) saw no significant mean changes in plasma Mg concentration among seven cows with Na 2 EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia, he found evidence that cows responded differently in terms of plasma Mg, i.e. there was a significant cow-treatment interaction.…”

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors explain the phenomenon as a result of hypocalcaemic stress. Theoretically, increased ACTH, and therefore also glucocorticoids with mineralocorticoid activity, might play a role, but parathyroid hormone (PTH) may also be involved since PTH can increase renal calcium reabsorption in exchange for increasing urine potassium (Daniel, 1980).…”

Section: Sodium Chloride and Potassiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induced Hypocalcaemia by Na₂EDTA Infusion. A Review

Jørgensen¹,

Nyengaard²,

Daniel

et al. 1999

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) has been used in infusion studies in cows and other species for more than 35 years, primarily for the induction of hypocalcemia as a model for milk fever. This paper reviews such studies and discusses blood calcium kinetics, toxicology, changes in various blood parameters and the effect on blood circulation, cardiac function and smooth muscle motility in the gastro‐intestinal tract and in the pregnant uterus. It is concluded that Na2EDTA infusion may serve as a valid model for spontaneous hypocalcemia. However, experimental results may vary with factors such as the choice of method for blood total calcium analysis, and the rate of EDTA infusion. Standardization of these and certain other experimental conditions may greatly improve the comparability of results obtained in EDTA infusion studies. For cows, an infusion rate of 1.2 ml/kg/h of a 5 % (w/v) solution, corresponding to 0.25 mmol/kg/min, has been suggested as a standard infusion.

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Investigation of some pathophysiological effects of prolonged hypocalcaemia in sheep induced by infusing Na2EDTA solution for 4 hours daily on three consecutive days

Fenwick

Daniel

1992

British Veterinary Journal

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Induced Hypocalcaemia in Cows and Sheep II. Changes in Plasma Potassium Levels

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Induced Hypocalcaemia by Na₂EDTA Infusion. A Review

Investigation of some pathophysiological effects of prolonged hypocalcaemia in sheep induced by infusing Na2EDTA solution for 4 hours daily on three consecutive days

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Induced Hypocalcaemia in Cows and Sheep II. Changes in Plasma Potassium Levels

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Timothy hays differing in dietary cation-anion difference affect the capability of dairy cows to maintain their calcium homeostasis

Induced Hypocalcaemia by Na2EDTA Infusion. A Review

Investigation of some pathophysiological effects of prolonged hypocalcaemia in sheep induced by infusing Na2EDTA solution for 4 hours daily on three consecutive days

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Induced Hypocalcaemia by Na₂EDTA Infusion. A Review