“…The implication is that the oil and gas boom on average had positive net effects on state labor markets and much of the effect was through income spillovers to other industries. Of course, oil and gas development involves numerous environmental concerns, both locally and globally, which may lower welfare (Cheung et al, 2018; Court et al, 2017; Maguire & Winters, 2017; Muehlenbachs et al, 2015; Stephens & Weinstein, 2019; Stern, 2008). Increased oil and gas production is also likely to lower energy prices and increase welfare for energy users (Hausman & Kellogg, 2015).…”