Summary Two desynaptic, fully sterile plants were obtained in M3 generation in Swarnadhan cultivar of rice following 0.004 M azide treatment. In their normal sib plants progeny in M4 generation 36 desynaptic plants in both the generations was studied. Analysis of bivalent distribution showed significant deviation from binomial distribution suggesting non-randomness in the formation of bivalents. The deviation from binomial distribution in these 13 plants fit to model I of Sreenath and Sinha (1968) indicating the existence of intra-cellular differences which result in the differential behaviour of chromosomes within the meiocytes.Synopsis of homologous chromosomes at zygotene-pachytene is a prerequisite for a normal course of meiosis. When the homologues fail to pair at these stages the phenomenon is known as "asynapsis" . Desynapsis on the other hand means pairing of homologues at pachytene, which begin to fall apart at diplotene so that they remain completely or partially unpaired at diakinesis and metaphase I. Bivalent formation in synaptic mutants is considered to be non-random i.e., in population of pollen mother cells (PMCs) some homologous pairs are left as univalents more frequently than others (Swaminathan and Murty 1959, Koduru andRao 1981). In only a few cases could the specific chromosomes of the complement affected by the mutant gene be identified.Although desynapsis has been reported in rice earlier (Chao et al. 1960, Wang et al. 1965, Ratho and Mishra 1973, Kitada and Omura 1983, Rao and Reddi 1985, Reddi and Rao 1990 no information is available on the mode of bivalent formation in them. The present study documents the mode of bivalent formation in desynaptic mutants of rice.
Materials and methodsTwo plants in a progeny of a dwarf mutant of rice isolated in cv. Swarnadhan at 0.004 M azide were turned out to be desynaptics in M3 generation.Materials for the meiotic studies were fixed in 1 : 3 acetic alcohol and stored in 70% alcohol till further use. Squash preparations were made in 1% acetocarmine to study meiosis.
Results and discussionAll the progeny including these two desynaptics bred true for the dwarfness with weak stems, narrow leaves, profuse tillering and late flowering. Thus, the desynaptic plants were morphologically similar to their normal sibs and can only be identified on the basis of complete seed sterility. As no seed could be obtained either with selfing or crossing, the corresponding normal sib plants progenies were raised in M4 generation. Out of the 14 families raised in M4 generation, 8 families segregated for desynaptics. In these 8 families, 36 plants were identified as desynaptics out of 142 (1 : 3 ratio). All these 36 desynaptic mutants were again sterile and morphologically similar to those of M3 desynaptic plants. Cytological analysis of the desynaptic plants of M3 and M4 generations was made.