Induced Current Calculation in Detailed 3-D Adult and Child Model for the Wireless Power Transfer Frequency Range

Song, Hye-Jin; Shin, Hansu; Lee, Hyang-Beom; Yoon, Jae-Hun; Byun, Jin-Kyu

doi:10.1109/tmag.2013.2282364

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The unique feature of the proposed method, as compared to previous research [33–35], is that the incident field can not only be uniform fields but also arbitrary non-uniform fields by using a two-step process. A key concept of this method is that the non-uniform electric fields of a system desired for exposure assessment in the first step will be used as the incident fields in the second step.…”

Section: Numerical Dosimetry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous descriptions have indicated, a low-frequency analysis should be conducted for dosimetry for WPT systems because the operating frequency for nearly all WPT systems is in the range of a few tens of kilohertz to few hundreds of kilohertz. The QS-FDTD method has been used to compute induced currents in human models for the WPT frequency range (100 kHz to 10 MHz) [33]. However, the models were exposed to only uniform magnetic fields, in which two plane waves are superposed with different polarizations and propagation directions to cancel out electric fields, while non-uniform electric and magnetic fields are generated from a WPT system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Exposure Assessment Method for Low Frequency Range and Application to Wireless Power Transfer

Park¹,

Kim²

2016

PLoS ONE

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In this paper, a numerical exposure assessment method is presented for a quasi-static analysis by the use of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. The proposed method is composed of scattered field FDTD method and quasi-static approximation for analyzing of the low frequency band electromagnetic problems. The proposed method provides an effective tool to compute induced electric fields in an anatomically realistic human voxel model exposed to an arbitrary non-uniform field source in the low frequency ranges. The method is verified, and excellent agreement with theoretical solutions is found for a dielectric sphere model exposed to a magnetic dipole source. The assessment method serves a practical example of the electric fields, current densities, and specific absorption rates induced in a human head and body in close proximity to a 150-kHz wireless power transfer system for cell phone charging. The results are compared to the limits recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the IEEE standard guidelines.

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Section: Numerical Dosimetry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Exposure Assessment Method for Low Frequency Range and Application to Wireless Power Transfer

Park¹,

Kim²

2016

PLoS ONE

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“…However, WPT system may pose a potential biological threat to adults, children and pregnant women, which is reflected in the electromagnetic field (EMF) induced by the human body and the electromagnetic wave specific absorption rate (SAR) of the organism. High EMF and SAR values will lead to severe local fever in human tissues and even injury to human tissue structure [7]- [10], hence it is necessary to append human electromagnetic safety into the optimization objective of coil design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimization Strategy Based on Dimension Reduction Method in Wireless Charging System Design

et al. 2019

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This study proposes an optimization strategy, which is based on a dimension reduction method with sensitivity analysis, for fast multi-objective optimization of coil design in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system. The multi-objective optimization process of coil in WPT usually involves general genetic algorithm (GA) and derivatives that suffer from common problems of slow search speed and heavy calculation burden, especially in the presence of multiple optimization variables. Moreover, in a complicated WPT system with ferrite, the optimization objective, such as the coupling factor k, is difficult to calculate analytically; in practice, it is acquired numerically using the finite element method (FEM), which also adds to the optimization complexity and time consumption. As a remedy, we propose the new strategy by simplifying the original complex optimization problem firstly with sensitivity assessment, and then applying NSGA-II convergence algorithm for optimization. Firstly, the optimization strategy is introduced, including the evaluation method, dimension reduction method and entire multi-objective optimization process. Then the optimization strategy is implemented to optimize the design parameters of a coil system. The sensitivity of design parameters is assessed with FEM analysis to realize the dimension reduction, and the optimization framework is established. Afterwards, the high sensitivity parameters will be optimized utilizing the multi-objective algorithm to obtain the optimal parameters. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional NSGA-II algorithm, the proposed strategy yields a 44% reduction in the iteration time required for system convergence. Furthermore, the good agreement between the simulation and the measured sensitivity data and optimal parameters presents additional validation for the optimization strategy. The experiment further shows that implementation of the proposed strategy could lead to an increase in the maximum efficiency of the WPT system from 79.85% to 93.2%.INDEX TERMS Wireless power transfer, coil design and optimization, sensitivity analysis, dimension reduction, time consumption reduction.

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“…Studies have been carried out by researchers in different scenarios such as housing environments [ 5 , 6 ], electrical vehicles [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], and bio-implanted applications [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Human models of adults, children, and pregnant woman [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] have also been built to estimate possible biological threats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Parallel Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Huang

2017

IJERPH

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The scenario of multiple wireless power transfer (WPT) systems working closely, synchronously or asynchronously with phase difference often occurs in power supply for household appliances and electric vehicles in parking lots. Magnetic field leakage from the WPT systems is also varied due to unpredictable asynchronous working conditions. In this study, the magnetic field leakage from parallel WPT systems working with phase difference is predicted, and the induced electric field and specific absorption rate (SAR) in a human body standing in the vicinity are also evaluated. Computational results are compared with the restrictions prescribed in the regulations established to limit human exposure to time-varying electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The results show that the middle region between the two WPT coils is safer for the two WPT systems working in-phase, and the peripheral regions are safer around the WPT systems working anti-phase. Thin metallic plates larger than the WPT coils can shield the magnetic field leakage well, while smaller ones may worsen the situation. The orientation of the human body will influence the maximum magnitude of induced electric field and its distribution within the human body. The induced electric field centralizes in the trunk, groin, and genitals with only one exception: when the human body is standing right at the middle of the two WPT coils working in-phase, the induced electric field focuses on lower limbs. The SAR value in the lungs always seems to be greater than in other organs, while the value in the liver is minimal. Human exposure to EMFs meets the guidelines of the International Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), specifically reference levels with respect to magnetic field and basic restrictions on induced electric fields and SAR, as the charging power is lower than 3.1 kW and 55.5 kW, respectively. These results are positive with respect to the safe applications of parallel WPT systems working simultaneously.

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Induced Current Calculation in Detailed 3-D Adult and Child Model for the Wireless Power Transfer Frequency Range

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Numerical Exposure Assessment Method for Low Frequency Range and Application to Wireless Power Transfer

Numerical Exposure Assessment Method for Low Frequency Range and Application to Wireless Power Transfer

An Optimization Strategy Based on Dimension Reduction Method in Wireless Charging System Design

Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Parallel Wireless Power Transfer Systems

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