Induced alkaloid defence inAtropa acuminata in response to mechanical and herbivore leaf damage

Khan, M. Bashir; Harborne, Jeffrey B.

doi:10.1007/bf01325232

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Plants have developed various strategies, including chemical, physical and other mechanisms, to defend themselves against attack by herbivores, pathogens and insects (Edwards & Wratten, 1983; Franz & Grün, 1983; Baldwin, 1988; Khan & Harborne, 1991; Feeny, 1992; Govindachari, 1992; Gundlach et al , 1992; Bennett & Wallsgrove, 1994; Egan et al , 1996; Aerts & Mordue, 1997; Harborne, 1997). Among them, chemical defence may be the most important device by accumulating some secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical structure and distribution of secondary metabolites as a peripheral defence strategy inAloe hereroensisleaves

Chauser-Volfson

Shen

Hu$^{

et al. 2002

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Eight leaves from four different plants of Aloe hereroensis and 18 leaf parts of each leaf were tested by anatomic, fluorescence microscopy and TLC methods. Four phenolic secondary metabolites, homonataloin and three isomers of aloeresin, were found in the leaves. The highest content of these metabolites was found in the top third of a leaf and along the leaf margins. In the margins, the content of the four secondary metabolites in the adaxial was higher than in the abaxial direction. In the centre parts of the leaves, the metabolic content of the abaxial parts was higher than in the adaxial parts. The results indicate that homonataloin mainly accumulates in the inner bundle sheath cells (IBSC). The three isomers of aloeresin appear in the outer bundle sheath and in the boundary cells between the chlorenchyma and water‐storage tissues. The density of the vascular bundles, the area ratio of the chlorenchyma to the tested counterpart, and the area ratio of the IBSC to a whole bundle are important structural factors to determine the differences in the content of these four secondary metabolites in all the leaf parts. The distribution according to the rosette leaf arrangement and the existence of the ‘cocktail’ of four phenolic secondary metabolites indicate a peripheral defence strategy of this plant. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 138, 107–116.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical structure and distribution of secondary metabolites as a peripheral defence strategy inAloe hereroensisleaves

Chauser-Volfson

Shen

Hu$^{

et al. 2002

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…A recently cloned PANE gene from Rauwolfia serpentina , which shows the highest homology to EIE , encodes a key enzyme involved in the conversion of polyneuridine aldehyde to 16‐epivellosimine, a labile indole alkaloid that functions as a branch point of the biosynthetic pathways leading to sarpagine‐ and ajmaline‐type alkaloids (Dogru et al 2000). Alkaloids are the main anti‐herbivore substances in plants (Kutchan 1995), and are induced in response to ethylene and mechanical or herbivore wounding (Khan and Harborne 1990, Kutchan 1995, Yahia et al 1998). Accordingly, we propose that the EIE homologues in plants might be actively involved in secondary metabolism processes related to defense against herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an ethylene‐induced esterase gene isolated from Citrus sinensis by competitive hybridization

Zhong

Gören

Riov

et al. 2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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A simple new method, competitive hybridization, for identification of differentially regulated genes was used to isolate novel genes induced by ethylene in citrus (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck cv. Shamouti) leaves. One of the isolated genes, an ethylene-induced esterase gene (EIE), was further characterized. The deduced protein sequence of this gene shows a similarity to those of several plant alpha/beta hydrolase gene family members, which are known to be involved in secondary metabolism. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that EIE mRNA was induced by ethylene within 4 h and accumulated to a very high level 24 h after the initiation of ethylene treatment. Induction of EIE by ethylene could be counteracted by 1-methylcyclopropene, a potent ethylene perception inhibitor, indicating that the expression of EIE is ethylene-dependent. The bacterially expressed protein of EIE was recognized by antiserum against Pir7b, a naphthol AS esterase induced in rice by the non-host pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The EIE protein was identified in ethylene-treated leaves using anti-Pir7b antibodies. An alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase accumulated concomitantly with the increase in EIE protein in ethylene-treated citrus leaves. An enzyme activity assay followed by western analysis confirmed that the esterase was EIE.

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“…Plants have developed various strategies, including chemical, physical and other mechanisms, to defend themselves against attack by herbivores, pathogens and insects (Edwards & Wratten, 1983;Franz & Grün, 1983;Baldwin, 1988;Khan & Harborne, 1991;Feeny, 1992;Govindachari, 1992;Gundlach et al, 1992;Bennett & Wallsgrove, 1994;Egan et al, 1996;Aerts & Mordue, 1997;Harborne, 1997). Among them, chemical defence may be the most important device by accumulating some secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of leaf pruning on the content of the secondary phenolic metabolites barbaloin, aloeresin and aloenin, in the leaves of Aloe arborescens

Chauser-Volfson

Gutterman

Scott³

2004

South African Journal of Botany

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Eight leaves from four different plants of Aloe hereroensis and 18 leaf parts of each leaf were tested by anatomic, fluorescence microscopy and TLC methods. Four phenolic secondary metabolites, homonataloin and three isomers of aloeresin, were found in the leaves. The highest content of these metabolites was found in the top third of a leaf and along the leaf margins. In the margins, the content of the four secondary metabolites in the adaxial was higher than in the abaxial direction. In the centre parts of the leaves, the metabolic content of the abaxial parts was higher than in the adaxial parts. The results indicate that homonataloin mainly accumulates in the inner bundle sheath cells (IBSC). The three isomers of aloeresin appear in the outer bundle sheath and in the boundary cells between the chlorenchyma and water-storage tissues. The density of the vascular bundles, the area ratio of the chlorenchyma to the tested counterpart, and the area ratio of the IBSC to a whole bundle are important structural factors to determine the differences in the content of these four secondary metabolites in all the leaf parts. The distribution according to the rosette leaf arrangement and the existence of the 'cocktail' of four phenolic secondary metabolites indicate a peripheral defence strategy of this plant. Figure 10. The ratio of the volume of the chlorenchyma to the whole tested leaf counterparts (% ± SE) of 12 leaf parts of Aloe hereroensis leaves (Fig. 5), as well as the width of the chlorenchyma (mm ± SE)

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Induced alkaloid defence inAtropa acuminata in response to mechanical and herbivore leaf damage

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Anatomical structure and distribution of secondary metabolites as a peripheral defence strategy inAloe hereroensisleaves

Anatomical structure and distribution of secondary metabolites as a peripheral defence strategy inAloe hereroensisleaves

Characterization of an ethylene‐induced esterase gene isolated from Citrus sinensis by competitive hybridization

Influences of leaf pruning on the content of the secondary phenolic metabolites barbaloin, aloeresin and aloenin, in the leaves of Aloe arborescens

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