Indoor thermal stratification and its statistical distribution

Wang, Liangzhu; Zhang, Xin; Qi, Dahai

doi:10.1111/ina.12520

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thermal stratification was a common phenomenon with warmer air rising and cooler air descending as a result of thermal buoyancy, so a vertical temperature gradient/stratification was established in commercial and residential buildings. 34 Wang 35 found that the indoor thermal stratification may follow a statistical distribution – the Beta distribution so the vertical dimensionless temperature distribution was the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the Beta distribution. We used the same hypothesis in this investigation in order to address thermal environment of oscillating jet by mathematical regression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical and experimental analysis of the thermal effectiveness of an oscillating jet with side-to-side swing louvers in a cassette split type air conditioner

Fan

2019

Indoor and Built Environment

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The impact of air supply control strategies (louvers movement) on indoor thermal environment were evaluated in this study. The temperature uniformity was evaluated by: (i) the air distribution performance index (ADPI) to determine the air diffusion performance in heating mode; (ii) the air draught rate (DR%) on the face to determine the local discomfort due to cold draught; (iii) the mathematically determined vertical temperature stratification in a room with Beta distributions. A comparison of the conventional type with three different oscillating type airflows (louvers swing angle ±20°, ±40° and ±60°) were experimentally analysed to determine appropriate air supply control strategies. The results indicated that Beta distributions could capture the overall trend of the oscillating airflow, to establish the acceptable thermal uniformity and higher thermal effectiveness. The oscillating airflow as generated by the side-to-side swing type delivery louvers mounted inside a cassette split type air conditioner could shorten heating time by 20% to attain room temperature from 9°C. The data reveal that oscillating airflow can provide a better thermal sensation to feeling warm in the heating mode at both ankle and neck level. The ADPI is approximately 85% in the occupied zone. The actual draught rates on the face ranged 0–35%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical and experimental analysis of the thermal effectiveness of an oscillating jet with side-to-side swing louvers in a cassette split type air conditioner

Fan

2019

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…Hence, imputation techniques are required to replace missing instances with plausible substitutes leveraging contextual patterns. As only 1.1% of observations had partial voids, basic median and mode replacement was applied for numerical and categorical attributes based on their distribution statistics [40]. Sophisticated methods are warranted for larger missing proportions.…”

Section: Data Cleaning and Missing Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Prediction of Maximum Settlement in Pipe Piles under Seismic Loads

Rasheed,

Al-Jeznawi,

Al-Janabi

et al. 2024

JMSE

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The structural stability of pipe pile foundations under seismic loading stands as a critical concern, demanding an accurate assessment of the maximum settlement. Traditionally, this task has been addressed through complex numerical modeling, accounting for the complicated interaction between soil and pile structures. Although significant progress has been made in machine learning, there remains a critical demand for data-driven models that can predict these parameters without depending on numerical simulations. This study aims to bridge the disparity between conventional analytical approaches and modern data-driven methodologies, with the objective of improving the precision and efficiency of settlement predictions. The results carry substantial implications for the marine engineering field, providing valuable perspectives to optimize the design and performance of pipe pile foundations in marine environments. This approach notably reduces the dependence on numerical simulations, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the prediction process. Thus, this study integrates Random Forest (RF) models to estimate the maximum pile settlement under seismic loading conditions, significantly supporting the reliability of the previously proposed methodology. The models presented in this research are established using seven key input variables, including the corrected SPT test blow count (N1)60, pile length (L), soil Young’s modulus (E), soil relative density (Dr), friction angle (ϕ), soil unit weight (γ), and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The findings of this study confirm the high precision and generalizability of the developed data-driven RF approach for seismic settlement prediction compared to traditional simulation methods, establishing it as an efficient and viable alternative.

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Theoretical model of buoyancy-driven air infiltration during heating/cooling seasons in large space buildings

Liu

Zhang

2020

Building and Environment

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Indoor thermal stratification and its statistical distribution

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Mathematical and experimental analysis of the thermal effectiveness of an oscillating jet with side-to-side swing louvers in a cassette split type air conditioner

Mathematical and experimental analysis of the thermal effectiveness of an oscillating jet with side-to-side swing louvers in a cassette split type air conditioner

Data-Driven Prediction of Maximum Settlement in Pipe Piles under Seismic Loads

Theoretical model of buoyancy-driven air infiltration during heating/cooling seasons in large space buildings

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