Indoor Tanning and Tanning Dependence in Young People After a Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cartmel, Brenda; Ferrucci, Leah M.; Spain, Peter D; Bale, Allen E.; Pagoto, Sherry L.; Leffell, David J.; Gelernter, Joel; Mayne, Susan T.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.5104

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…53 In addition to the desire for a tanned appearance, a growing number of studies are uncovering tanning addiction or dependence as a potential driver of this behavior. [54][55][56][57] 61 A US survey found that most salons would allow minors to tan twice the number of times recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration. 63 To prevent skin cancers, in 2012 the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended that children, adolescents, and young adults (10-24 years) with fair skin be counseled to minimize UV radiation exposure, including from indoor tanning (a Grade B recommendation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma and Indoor Tanning: A Population-Based Study

Karagas

Zens

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Indoor tanning has gained widespread popularity among adolescents and young adults. Incidence rates of early-onset basal cell carcinoma also appear to be rising. Scant evidence exists on the impacts of early exposure and whether it leads to early occurrence of this malignancy. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In a US population-based study, indoor tanning was associated with an elevated risk of basal cell carcinomas occurring at or before the age of 50 years, with an increasing trend in risk with younger age at exposure among adolescents and young adults. abstract OBJECTIVE: Indoor tanning with UV radiation-emitting lamps is common among adolescents and young adults. Rising incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have been reported for the United States and elsewhere, particularly among those diagnosed at younger ages. Recent epidemiologic studies have raised concerns that indoor tanning may be contributing to early occurrence of BCC, and younger people may be especially vulnerable to cancer risk associated with this exposure. Therefore, we sought to address these issues in a population-based case-control study from New Hampshire. METHODS:Data on indoor tanning were obtained on 657 cases of BCC and 452 controls #50 years of age.RESULTS: Early-onset BCC was related to indoor tanning, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.1). The strongest association was observed for first exposure as an adolescent or young adult, with a 10% increase in the OR with each age younger at first exposure (OR per year of age #23 = 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.2). Associations were present for each type of device examined (ie, sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning booths). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest early exposure to indoor tanning increases the risk of early development of BCC. They also underscore the importance of counseling adolescents and young adults about the risks of indoor tanning and for discouraging parents from consenting minors to this practice. Pediatrics 2014;134:e4-e12 AUTHORS:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma and Indoor Tanning: A Population-Based Study

Karagas

Zens

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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“…The same situation holds for young adult survivors 19 . Notably, one study found that young survivors continued to use tanning beds after a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, with 8% being considered frequent users 20 . In our univariate analysis on tanning bed use, we found that cancer survivors were less likely than controls to use tanning beds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Skin Care Behaviors in Cancer Survivors

2014

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(1) Purpose: Research suggests that physicians neglect preventive care for cancer survivors. A survivor’s self-motivation with respect to preventive care is unknown. Using protective skin care as a proxy, our aims were to characterize preventive care in cancer survivors and to identify factors associated with appropriate prevention. (2) Methods: Using data from the 2009 U.S. Health Information National Trends Survey, we compared preventive skin care patterns in cancer survivors and non-cancer patients. Primary endpoints were the use of sunscreens, long-sleeved shirts, hats, and shade. (3) Results: We identified 179 early cancer survivors (10 years), and 5951 non-cancer patients. The use of sunscreens (60%), long-sleeved shirts (88%), hats (58%), and shade (68%) was suboptimal. Overall, cancer survivors were not more likely to adhere to preventive care (p = 0.89). A composite score showed a significant difference between the cancer survivor groups (p < 0.01) whereby intermediate survivors reported the best preventive practices. (4) Conclusions: A prior diagnosis of cancer does not appear to increase personal compliance with cancer prevention. Reasons for this poor engagement are not clear. Targeted strategies to increase self-motivation might improve preventive practices in cancer survivors.

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“…The questionnaire included the Fitzpatrick Skin Type assessment (i.e., a standard measure of skin type based on questions about the skin's likelihood of burning and tanning ;Fitzpatrick, 1988), the 4-item tanning-specific modified CAGE (mCAGE) 3 scale used to assess problematic tanning and/or tanning dependence (see Ashrafioun & Bonar, 2014) and other questions related to tanning behavior based on substance use disorder diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Although there have been developments in tanning-specific addiction assessment tools (e.g., , these tools have commonly been used for identifying potential IT dependence (Ashrafioun & Bonar, 2014;Cartmel et al, 2013;Warthan, Uchida, & Wagner, 2005). Participants were classified as "At Risk" for tanning dependence if they scored positive on either the mCAGE (at least two affirmative responses) or on the mDSM-IV-TR where they scored affirmative on two subparts: (1) response was scored affirmative for answering "yes" to both "Do you think you need to spend more time using the tanning device to maintain your perfect tan?"…”

Section: Demographics Questionnaire and Tanning Demographicmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Initial Investigation of the Effects of Tanning-Related Cues on Demand and Craving for Indoor Tanning

2017

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Melanoma and other skin cancers have become the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Despite the well-established link between skin cancer and indoor tanning, approximately 30 million Americans report engaging in indoor tanning each year, and the majority of these users are white females aged 16 to 29 years. Although some studies have suggested that exposure to ultraviolet radiation may produce reinforcing effects in frequent tanners paralleling the characteristic features of substance use disorders, no previous study has explored the impact of tanningrelated cues on demand for tanning. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of tanning-related cues on participants' behavioral economic demand and craving for indoor tanning. Participants were 23 undergraduate students (22 females, one male), each of whom underwent a cueexposure procedure consisting of experiencing neutral-and tanning-related cues. Results suggest that participants exhibited an increase in behavioral economic demand and selfreported craving in the condition associated with tanningrelated cues relative to neutral-cues. We conclude by discussing notable limitations and offering directions for future research.

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Indoor Tanning and Tanning Dependence in Young People After a Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Early-Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma and Indoor Tanning: A Population-Based Study

Early-Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma and Indoor Tanning: A Population-Based Study

Protective Skin Care Behaviors in Cancer Survivors

An Initial Investigation of the Effects of Tanning-Related Cues on Demand and Craving for Indoor Tanning

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