Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Progeny Concentrations in High Thoron Rural Serbia Environments

Žunić, Zora S.; Stojanovska, Zdenka; Veselinović, N.; Mishra, Rosaline; Yarmoshenko, Ilia V.; Sapra, B.K.; Ishikawa, Tetsuo; Omori, Yasutaka; Ćurguz, Zoran; Bossew, Peter; Udovičić, V.; Ramola, R. C.

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncx167

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similar techniques were found in Indian studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Instead of CR-39, LR-115 nuclear track detectors are used in their monitors.…”

Section: Thoron Progenymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Table 3 summarizes thoron and thoron progeny concentrations (EETC) in various countries. As can be seen from the presented data, their number is more restricted than that of radon [ 27 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Radioactivity and Resulting Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneous long-term measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny were conducted in 40 rural houses in Serbia [ 42 ]. The EETC was found to be relatively higher than the worldwide average value.…”

Section: Radioactivity and Resulting Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Tokonami

2020

IJERPH

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The present paper outlines characteristics of thoron and its progeny in the indoor environment. Since the half-life of thoron (220Rn) is very short (55.6 s), its behavior is quite different from the isotope radon (222Rn, half-life 3.8 days) in the environment. Analyses of radon and lung cancer risk have revealed a clearly positive relationship in epidemiological studies among miners and residents. However, there is no epidemiological evidence for thoron exposure causing lung cancer risk. In contrast to this, a dosimetric approach has been approved in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 137, from which new dose conversion factors for radon and thoron progenies can be obtained. They are given as 16.8 and 107 nSv (Bq m−3 h)−1, respectively. It implies that even a small quantity of thoron progeny will induce higher radiation exposure compared to radon. Thus, an interest in thoron exposure is increasing among the relevant scientific communities. As measurement technologies for thoron and its progeny have been developed, they are now readily available. This paper reviews measurement technologies, activity levels, dosimetry and resulting doses. Although thoron has been underestimated in the past, recent findings have revealed that reassessment of risks due to radon exposure may need to take the presence of thoron and its progeny into account.

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“…Similar techniques were found in Indian studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Instead of CR-39, LR-115 nuclear track detectors are used in their monitors.…”

Section: Thoron Progenymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Radioactivity and Resulting Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Tokonami

2020

IJERPH

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“…In addition, thoron progeny concentration was measured (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The reported radon concentration ranged from a few 10 to over 100 Bq m −3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Kudo

Yoshinaga

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Although the epidemiological studies provide evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon, an issue of radon-thoron discrimination remains to be solved. In this study, an updated evaluation of lung cancer risk among the residents in Gansu, China was performed where one of the major epidemiological studies on indoor radon demonstrated an increased risk of lung cancer. We analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study that included 30 lung cancer cases and 39 controls with special attention to internal exposure assessment based on the discriminative measurement technique of radon isotopes. Results from the analyses showed non-significant increased lung cancer risks; odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, smoking, and total income were 0.35 (95% CI: 0.07–1.74) and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.74) for groups living in residences with indoor radon concentrations of 50–100 Bq m−3 and over 100 Bq m−3, respectively, compared with those with < 50 Bq m−3 indoor radon concentrations. Although the small sample size hampers the usefulness of present analyses, our study suggests that reevaluation of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon in the epidemiological studies will be required on the basis of precise exposure assessment.

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“…Nevertheless, exposure to even low-level of thoron can result in a considerable effective dose to the respiratory tract due to the high dose conversion factor of thoron progenies compared to that of radon progenies [1,6]. Additionally, numerous surveys have revealed that the indoor levels of thoron and its progenies are comparable to, or even higher than, those of radon and its progenies in many regions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, the radiological risk associated with thoron warrants significant attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoron gas measurement using an airflow-through scintillation cell with consideration for progeny deposition

Zhao¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Accurate measurement of low-level thoron gas and high-accuracy calibration of thoron measurement devices are essential for assessing and preventing thoron radiological risks. This study aimed to develop a thoron gas measurement technique using an airflow-through scintillation cell for both low-level measurement and high-accuracy calibration. To achieve this, a compartment model was developed to estimate the influence of progeny deposition and accumulation on the wall of the scintillation cell to prevent overestimation of thoron. A self-developed scintillation cell was utilized to implement and validate this technique. The lower detection limit and measurement uncertainty were then evaluated to assess the feasibility of the technique for low-level measurement and high-accuracy calibration. The results showed that the compartment model effectively addressed the influence of the progeny deposition. The measurement technique achieved a lower detection limit below 100 Bq m-3 even with the coexistence of 100 Bq m-3 of radon and attained a measurement uncertainty (k = 2) below 10% when the concentration of thoron exceeded 1,000 Bq m-3. In summary, this study developed a reliable and practical thoron gas measurement technique using an airflow-through scintillation cell with consideration for progeny deposition, and is expected to contribute to the assessment and prevention of thoron radiological risk.

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Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Progeny Concentrations in High Thoron Rural Serbia Environments

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

Characteristics of Thoron (220Rn) and Its Progeny in the Indoor Environment

The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique

Thoron gas measurement using an airflow-through scintillation cell with consideration for progeny deposition

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