Indoor Pollutants in the Museum Environment

Schieweck, Alexandra; Salthammer, Tunga; Watts, Simon

doi:10.1002/9783527628889.ch12

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The occurrence of deposits formed on works of art is an unintended but known phenomenon in micro environments (Grzywacz 2006;Schieweck, Salthammer, and Watts 2009;Engemann-Wendt and Waurick 2010;Dzullkiflli et al 2018). On different kinds of objects various deposits have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline Deposits in New Display Cases at the Rijksmuseum: Characterisation and Origin

Iperen

Keulen

Keune

et al. 2020

Studies in Conservation

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An unusual phenomenon occurred in new display cases at the Rijksmuseum four months after their installation in April 2013. White deposits were visible on glass windows, silicone door gaskets, black structural adhesive seals, and on works of art. The works of art most affected by these deposits were bronze sculptures, wooden and waxed objects, tempera, and oil paintings. In this study the deposits were chemically characterised using (pyrolysis-)gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ((Py-)GC-MS), µ-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), ion chromatography (IC), and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Five chemically different crystalline deposits were found. They were identified as organic salts of the base 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (TMP-ol), a secondary amine, and five different carboxylic acids. It was found that TMP-ol, which is part of the UV-light stabiliser Tinuvin-770, emitted from the structural adhesive Terostat-9220. Terostat-9220 was used in large quantities in the display cases to adhere glass windows to metal parts. The carboxylic acids derived from both construction materials used to build the cases and from conservation materials present on the exhibited works of art. The carboxylic acids involved were 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, formic acid, methacrylic acid, palmitic acid, and an unknown carboxylic acid, respectively emitted from peroxide-cured silicone gaskets, panels of medium-density fibreboard (MDF), UV-adhesive, beeswax containing products, and from an unknown acidic conservation product or binding medium. The identification of the crystalline deposits was supported by their syntheses in the laboratory. Since 2013, similar deposits have been observed in a number of museum collections worldwide. A treatment for preventing further growth of the deposits was developed and applied in the Rijksmuseum showcases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline Deposits in New Display Cases at the Rijksmuseum: Characterisation and Origin

Iperen

Keulen

Keune

et al. 2020

Studies in Conservation

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“…We have synthesized several lead carboxylates in order to characterize their structures as part of a larger research project studying the degradation phenomena of ancient pieces of art, in particular paintings. Indeed, the formation and slow crystal growth of lead carboxylates within paint layers can eventually cause the formation of cracks and fractures that irreversibly damage the artistic works (Higgitt et al, 2003;Niklasson et al, 2004;Plater et al 2003;Schieweck et al, 2009;Té treault et al, 1998Té treault et al, , 2003. Among the whole carboxylate homologous family, the simplest compound, lead(II) formate, Pb(HCOO) 2 , (I), has been widely investigated and characterized in the past, as witnessed by over 100 bibliographic references addressing its preparation and formation, thermodynamic properties and applications.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-investigation of lead(II) formate

Lanza

Gambirasi

Favaro³

et al. 2012

Acta Crystallogr C

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The crystal structure of the title compound, poly[di-μ(4)-formato-lead(II)], [Pb(HCOO)(2)](n), has been re-investigated. It consists of a three-dimensional polymeric network of Pb(2+) nodes connected by bridging formate anions. Despite having been described previously, the structural information available so far [Harrison & Steel (1982). J. Organomet. Chem. 239, 105-113] is incomplete and the reported Pnma space group is incorrect. In this work, the space-group assignment to P2(1)2(1)2(1) is discussed and a complete description of the structural features of lead(II) formate is provided.

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“…Wood preservatives with biocides as active agents had been applied in museums against insect infestation and as a fungicide on organic exhibits, especially in the 1950s and 1960s (Schieweck et al, 2009). Since 1956 lindane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT; prohibited in 1972 in the Federal Republic of Germany) were used for the treatment of artworks (Unger et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%