Indoor/outdoor relationship of ammonia concentrations in selected office buildings

Šišović, Anica; Šega, Krešimir; Kalinić, Nataša

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(87)90357-3

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The results of the present study were consistent with those of previous studies 7,13,35 in demonstrating that ammonia concentrations tend to be considerably higher indoors than outdoors. Through ventilation, indoor NH 3 contributes to outdoor NH 3 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a chemical irritant that, depending on the degree and duration of exposure, affects human health 1 . Indoor NH 3 is related mainly to emissions from chemical use, 2 human activity, 2–4 the human body, 5 furniture materials, 5–10 walls, 11,12 pets, 13 and garbage 14–16 . According to the previous research, NH 3 mixing ratios reached 3‒6 ppm in a Beijing office 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The ratio of indoor-to-outdoor pollutant concentration (I/O) is commonly used to understand the relationship between indoor and outdoor air pollutants. 7,34,35 However, the use of the ratio is limited because indoor and outdoor air have direct but not necessarily the same NH 3 emissions sources. 36 In addition, longterm indoor NH 3 measurements are scarce.…”

Section: Liu Et Al Devised a Chemical Transport Model Incorporating A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Zhang

Lin

Ma³

et al. 2021

Indoor Air

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Online measurements of indoor and outdoor ammonia (NH3) were conducted at a university building in Haidian District, Beijing, to investigate their variation characteristics, indoor‐outdoor differences, influencing factors, and possible contribution of indoor NH3 to atmospheric NH3. Indoor NH3 mixing ratios varied greatly among the rooms of the same building. Indoor NH3 mixing ratio peaked at 1.43 ppm in a toilet. Both indoor and outdoor NH3 mixing ratios exhibited higher values during summer and lower values during winter and correlated significantly with relative humidity and temperature. Moreover, their daily mean mixing ratios were significantly correlated with each other. But indoor and outdoor NH3 in cold months exhibited quite different diurnal variations. During the measurement period, indoor NH3 mixing ratios were substantially higher than those outdoors, by an average factor of 3.1 (1.0–6.6). This indicates that indoor NH3 could be a source of outdoor atmospheric NH3. The contribution of indoor NH3 to atmospheric NH3 was estimated at 0.7 ± 0.5 Gg NH3‐N·a−1, accounting for approximately 1.0 ± 0.7% of total emissions in Beijing and being comparable to industry, biomass combustion, and soil emissions, but lower than transportation emissions. The influence of COVID‐19 control measures caused indoor and outdoor NH3 mixing ratios to decrease by 22.8% and 19.3%, respectively—attributable to decreased human activity and traffic flow.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Liu Et Al Devised a Chemical Transport Model Incorporating A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Zhang

Lin

Ma³

et al. 2021

Indoor Air

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“…ATom-1 & -2 (Nault et al, 2020) DISCOVER-AQ CO (Battye et al, 2016) CalNex (Guo et al, 2017) SOAS (Guo et al, 2015) WINTER (Guo et al, 2016) Cabauw Netherlands (Guo et al, 2018) Beijing (Wang et al, 2016) HomeChem (Ampollini et al, 2019) Average Homes (Brauer et al, 1991;Atkins and Lee, 1993;Tidy and Neil Cape, 1993;Suh et al, 1994;Leaderer B P et al, 1999;Tuomainen et al, 2001;Fischer et al, 2003;Lunden et al, 2003;Järnström et al, 2006) Average Offices (Šišović et al, 1987;Salonen et al, 2009) Average Schools (Li and Harrison, 1990;Gomzi, 1999;Meininghaus et al, 2003) ATHLETIC, All (Finewax et al, 2020) products in a university athletic center, Indoor Air, Submitted, 2020. Phys., 7(17), 4639-4659, 2007.…”

Section: Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary material to "Interferences on Aerosol Acidity Quantification due to Gas-phase Ammonia Uptake onto Acidic Sulfate Filter Samples"

Nault¹,

Campuzano‐Jost²,

Day³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…For example, indoor carbon dioxide concentrations are quite high due to the presence of occupants; dissolved carbon dioxide will lead to the formation of carbonic acid making the aqueous film acidic. Or ammonia may dominate pH since it can be present in high quantities indoors 143 leading to more basic conditions. The presence of salts, for example on skin, can also affect uptake and reactions.…”

Section: The Case For Aqueous Chemistry In Indoor Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenated VOCs, aqueous chemistry, and potential impacts on residential indoor air composition

2017

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Dampness affects a substantial percentage of homes and is associated with increased risk of respiratory ailments; yet, the effects of dampness on indoor chemistry are largely unknown. We hypothesize that the presence of water-soluble gases and their aqueous processing alters the chemical composition of indoor air and thereby affects inhalation and dermal exposures in damp homes. Herein, we use the existing literature and new measurements to examine the plausibility of this hypothesis, summarize existing evidence, and identify key knowledge gaps. While measurements of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are abundant, measurements of water-soluble organic gases (WSOGs) are not. We found that concentrations of total WSOGs were, on average, 15 times higher inside homes than immediately outside (N = 13). We provide insights into WSOG compounds likely to be present indoors using peer-reviewed literature and insights from atmospheric chemistry. Finally, we discuss types of aqueous chemistry that may occur on indoor surfaces and speculate how this chemistry could affect indoor exposures. Liquid water quantities, identities of water-soluble compounds, the dominant chemistry, and fate of aqueous products are poorly understood. These limitations hamper our ability to determine the effects of aqueous indoor chemistry on dermal and inhalation exposures in damp homes. K E Y W O R D Saqueous chemistry, damp homes, human exposure, interfacial chemistry, OVOC, water-soluble organic compounds | INTRODUCTIONDampness in buildings is common in the United States, with estimates ranging from 18% to 50% percent of buildings affected, where buildings were defined as "damp" based on observation of standing water, water-damaged materials, presence of mold, and/ or high measured relative humidity (RH). WSOGs are emitted from indoor sources and formed through oxidation. They will be taken up into liquid water, when present, and subsequently react. Thus, aqueous chemistry could affect exposure by acting as a sink for certain water-soluble gases in indoor air and a source of other volatile products (altering inhalation exposure) and condensed phase products (altering particle inhalation and dermal exposure).This study provides insights into WSOGs likely to be in residential indoor air and examines the potential for aqueous chemistry indoors to alter the chemical composition of this air, with the motivation of further understanding dermal and inhalation exposure

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Indoor/outdoor relationship of ammonia concentrations in selected office buildings

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Supplementary material to "Interferences on Aerosol Acidity Quantification due to Gas-phase Ammonia Uptake onto Acidic Sulfate Filter Samples"

Oxygenated VOCs, aqueous chemistry, and potential impacts on residential indoor air composition

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Indoor/outdoor relationship of ammonia concentrations in selected office buildings

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Indoor NH3 variation and its relationship with outdoor NH3 in urban Beijing

Supplementary material to &quot;Interferences on Aerosol Acidity Quantification due to Gas-phase Ammonia Uptake onto Acidic Sulfate Filter Samples&quot;

Oxygenated VOCs, aqueous chemistry, and potential impacts on residential indoor air composition

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Supplementary material to "Interferences on Aerosol Acidity Quantification due to Gas-phase Ammonia Uptake onto Acidic Sulfate Filter Samples"