Indoor–outdoor concentrations of RSPM in classroom of a naturally ventilated school building near an urban traffic roadway

Goyal, Rahul; Khare, Mukesh

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.031

Cited by 105 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fromme et al (2008) also noted that the physical activity of pupils leads to the resuspension of indoor coarse particles, and is the main reason for rises in the level of PM 10 in classrooms. This relationship was also highlighted by Goyal and Khare (2009), who carried out a study on indoor-outdoor PM concentrations by monitoring a classroom in a naturally ventilated school building located near an urban roadway in Delhi City (India). The results showed that half-hourly average indoor PM 10 concentrations were highest when the students were most active in the room.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5-20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5-8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…These concentrations were about 100 times higher than the WHO standard (60-90 µg m ) [29]. A study in school classrooms in Delhi reported indoor PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1.0 concentrations 3.59 ± 1.81, 2.79 ± 1.6, 2.18 ± 0.70 times higher than outdoors in summer, and 2.83 ± 1.14, 1.60 ± 0.17, 1.52 ± 0.15 times higher in winters, respectively [25]. The available evidences clearly indicate that the IAQ is an equally important issue in India as outdoor air quality.…”

Section: Iaq -Is It As Important Issue As Outdoor Air Quality?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with research reviewed in the developed world [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], only a handful of studies has investigated the IAQ in urban indoor settings in India [24][25][26][27][28]. Most of the so far conducted research is either limited to individual studies or based on short-term measurements that suffer from a small sample size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality: Current Status, Missing Links and Future Road Map for India

Goyal¹,

Khare²

2012

J Civil Environ Eng

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Study of indoor air quality (IAQ) has received attention of the researchers and policy makers over the last several years due to its affiliation with the adverse health effects and occupants' discomfort. This article focuses on the importance and need of IAQ studies in Indian rural and urban indoor environments. A number of questions in this context are posed and addressed, together with identifying the allied research gaps and missing links in the existing literature. Also discussed are the technical challenges to carry out the IAQ studies in India, and the initiatives and future road map required to overcome them.

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“…A number of studies reported to have high levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the classrooms (Alves et al, 2013;Heudorf et al, 2009;Goyal and Khare, 2009) with a wide range varying from 13 to 1181.1 µg/m 3 and 13.5 to 359.9 µg/m 3 , respectively. However, this present study concentration is not as high as other developing countries due to multiple factors as the school in Malaysia has complex indoor environment, which differ in location, geographical area, weather or seasonal variation and building design.…”

Section: Had Done Two Times Measurement In 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

Jalaludin

Noh

Suhaimi

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Poor indoor air quality can be particularly harmful to children and interfere with the growth of their lung function as they spend much of their time indoors. In order to understand the mechanism of exposure in the airways, biomarkers were used as a surrogate for biological responses towards indoor air pollutants. This study aims to investigate the association between indoor air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 ) among school children in different area of urban and rural site in Klang Valley. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 430 healthy schoolchildren from a national primary school. Methods involved questionnaires based on American Thoracic Society and sputum samples for biomarkers assay. Indoor exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Dust Trak Aerosol Monitor) and NO 2 (LaMotte Air Sampler) were measured in the classroom. Mean concentration of PM 2.5 (50.72 µg/m 3 ) in urban schools were significantly higher compared to rural (28.36 µg/m 3 ) school. Similar trend found in indoor level of PM 10 in urban and rural schools with 87.04 µg/m 3 and 56.76 µg/m 3 respectively. The mean exposure level of NO 2 of urban schools (0.12 ppm) is nearly 4 times higher than the level in rural areas (0.032 ppm). A significant association was found between indoor air concentrations (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) with TNF-alpha level. Children from rural areas are exposed to less air pollutants compared to those from urban area and this study also suggests that higher exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 are associated with increasing of TNF-alpha level.

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Indoor–outdoor concentrations of RSPM in classroom of a naturally ventilated school building near an urban traffic roadway

Cited by 105 publications

References 33 publications

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Indoor Air Quality: Current Status, Missing Links and Future Road Map for India

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

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