Indoor Molds and Asthma in Adults

Jaakkola, Maritta S.; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(04)55012-8

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Fungi are also an important factor in indoor exposures leading to allergic and asthmatic events (Jaakkola and Jaakkola 2004). Several studies have shown that home dampness is a significant predictor of respiratory symptoms (Bornehag et al 2001; Dales et al 1991; IOM 2004).…”

Section: Impact Of Global Warming and Climate Change On Aeroallergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, and Increased Pollen Burdens Influences the Incidence of Asthma

Gilmour

Jaakkola

London

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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313

190

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Asthma is a multifactorial airway disease that arises from a relatively common genetic background interphased with exposures to allergens and airborne irritants. The rapid rise in asthma over the past three decades in Western societies has been attributed to numerous diverse factors, including increased awareness of the disease, altered lifestyle and activity patterns, and ill-defined changes in environmental exposures. It is well accepted that persons with asthma are more sensitive than persons without asthma to air pollutants such as cigarette smoke, traffic emissions, and photochemical smog components. It has also been demonstrated that exposure to a mix of allergens and irritants can at times promote the development phase (induction) of the disease. Experimental evidence suggests that complex organic molecules from diesel exhaust may act as allergic adjuvants through the production of oxidative stress in airway cells. It also seems that climate change is increasing the abundance of aeroallergens such as pollen, which may result in greater incidence or severity of allergic diseases. In this review we illustrate how environmental tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollution, and climate change may act as environmental risk factors for the development of asthma and provide mechanistic explanations for how some of these effects can occur.

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Section: Impact Of Global Warming and Climate Change On Aeroallergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, and Increased Pollen Burdens Influences the Incidence of Asthma

Gilmour

Jaakkola

London

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

Self Cite

313

190

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“…These were chosen on the basis of their suggested importance in indoor dampness problem situations. 9,12,16 …”

Section: Assessment Of Atopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Several agents in indoor dampness situations have been suggested to induce asthma, including molds, bacteria, dust mites, and chemicals emitted from damp materials, but the mechanisms by which these agents act are not yet well understood. 11,12 We conducted a large population-based incident casecontrol study to assess the role of total IgE and Phadiatop (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) score as indicators of atopy for the development of adult-onset asthma, and to investigate the relations between specific IgE antibodies to mites and molds and incident adult asthma in a working-age population. We also assessed the population attributable fraction (AF pop ) of asthma due to sensitization to common aeroallergens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are atopy and specific IgE to mites and molds important for adult asthma?

Jaakkola

Ieromnimon

Jaakkola

2006

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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104

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“…It is apparent that the potential additive and synergistic effects of multiple contaminants in the indoor environment have been largely overlooked, except in experimental animal models (Huttunen et al, 2004;Isalm and Pestka, 2006;Islam et al, 2002Islam et al, , 2007Zhou et al, 1998Zhou et al, , 1999Zhou et al, , 2000. The study of health risks to humans from exposure to molds have been limited to respiratory disease (asthma) in adults and children (Antova et al, 2008;Jaakkola and Jaakkola, 2004;Rydjord et al, 2008). In this paper, we also review the peer-reviewed research that points to the impacts on human health, including neurological, respiratory and immune systems and other organs, from exposure to damp indoor spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biocontaminants and complexity of damp indoor spaces: more than what meets the eyes

Thrasher

Crawley

2009

Toxicol Ind Health

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Nine types of biocontaminants in damp indoor environments from microbial growth are discussed: (1) indicator molds; (2) Gram negative and positive bacteria; (3) microbial particulates; (4) mycotoxins; (5) volatile organic compounds, both microbial (MVOCs) and non-microbial (VOCs); (6) proteins; (7) galactomannans; (8) 1-3-beta-D-glucans (glucans) and (9) lipopolysaccharides (LPS--endotoxins). When mold species exceed those outdoors contamination is deduced. Gram negative bacterial endotoxins, LPS in indoor environments, synergize with mycotoxins. The gram positive Bacillus species, Actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Nocardia and Mycobacterium), produce exotoxins. The Actinomycetes are associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lung and invasive infections. Mycobacterial mycobacterium infections not from M. tuberculosis are increasing in immunocompetent individuals. In animal models, LPS enhance the toxicity of roridin A, satratoxins G and aflatoxin B1 to damage the olfactory epithelium, tract and bulbs (roridin A, satratoxin G) and liver (aflatoxin B1). Aflatoxin B1 and probably trichothecenes are transported along the olfactory tract to the temporal lobe. Co-cultured Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarum produce a cytotoxin similar to doxorubicin and actinomycin D (chemotherapeutic agents). Trichothecenes, aflatoxins, gliotoxin and other mycotoxins are found in dust, bulk samples, air and ventilation systems of infested buildings. Macrocyclic trichothecenes are present in airborne particles <2 microm. Trichothecenes and stachylysin are present in the sera of individuals exposed to S. chartarum in contaminated indoor environments. Haemolysins are produced by S. chartarum, Memnoniella echinata and several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Galactomannans, glucans and LPS are upper and lower respiratory tract irritants. Gliotoxin, an immunosuppressive mycotoxin, was identified in the lung secretions and sera of cancer patients with aspergillosis produced by A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. niger and A. flavus.

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Indoor Molds and Asthma in Adults

Cited by 35 publications

References 64 publications

How Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, and Increased Pollen Burdens Influences the Incidence of Asthma

How Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Outdoor Air Pollutants, and Increased Pollen Burdens Influences the Incidence of Asthma

Are atopy and specific IgE to mites and molds important for adult asthma?

The biocontaminants and complexity of damp indoor spaces: more than what meets the eyes

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