Indoor Mold Spore Exposure: Characteristics of 127 Homes in Southern California with Endogenous Mold Problems

J, Gallup; Kozak, Peter P.; Cummins, Leo B.; Gillman, Sherwin A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7491-5_24

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Levetin et al (1995) said that elevated spore levels indoors might indicate an indoor source, that Aspergillus/Penicillium spores were often associated with contamination, and were more frequent when disturbed by activity. Dampness, especially of carpets, was cited as an important factor by Gallup (1986), water damage and visible mould by Green et al (2003), and also dust by Emberlin et al (1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspergillus/Penicillium spores have also been found in significant numbers indoors (Lacey, 1981;Gallup et al, 1986;Levetin et al, 1995), and recent work by Reed and Kita (2004) investigates the role of protease activation of inflammation in allergic respiratory disease suggesting that fungi growing in damp, water damaged buildings might increase the prevalence in these buildings of asthma, rhinitis and other respiratory disease. In order to increase our knowledge of Aspergillus/ Penicillium spore concentrations indoors, we decided to re-investigate the indoor air at two local contrasting houses (Stern et al, 1999), to assess the effect of household activity, and to compare the outdoor and indoor levels of concentration that allergy patients may encounter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Long term trends in outdoor Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations in Derby, UK from 1970 to 2003 and a comparative study in 1994 and 1996 with the indoor air of two local houses

Millington¹,

Corden²

2005

Aerobiologia

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Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations have been monitored in Derby since 1970 using a volumetric spore trap, with full year data from 1991. In addition a short comparative study with the indoor air was undertaken at two local houses in 1994 and 1996. Aspergillus/Penicillium spores were present in the Derby air throughout the year and often reached maximum monthly cumulative concentrations in the autumn, although they were occasionally the dominant spores in the winter when total spore concentrations were low. Very high daily concentrations could occur at any time of year with a count of over 5000 recorded. Peak days in the autumn and winter of 2002-2003 were examined on a two hourly basis showing higher concentrations in the middle of the day. There was a positive correlation of cumulative monthly Aspergillus/Penicillium totals with maximum temperature. Indoor data from the two houses was examined on a daily basis and compared with simultaneously sampled outdoor daily spore concentrations. The elevated Aspergillus/Penicillium spore levels found in the older of the two houses occurred on all of the days sampled. Compared to the modern house, the Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations in the old house represented a much higher percentage of the total spore count than in the modern one. The correlation between outdoor Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations and the indoor air of the old house was 0.62, whereas in the modern house it was 0.31. Peak hourly samples of Aspergillus/Penicillium spore counts occurred at times of greatest activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long term trends in outdoor Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations in Derby, UK from 1970 to 2003 and a comparative study in 1994 and 1996 with the indoor air of two local houses

Millington¹,

Corden²

2005

Aerobiologia

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“…The most common fungi reported to induce specific IgE in humans include Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Basidiospores, and Epicoccum [3,[9][10][11]. Unfortunately, because extracts are not available to test for all clinically relevant fungi, there may be unidentified taxa that also induce significant allergic sensitization [12].…”

Section: Allergy To Fungimentioning

confidence: 97%

Importance of mold allergy in asthma

Portnoy

Barnes²,

Kennedy³

2008

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Fungal exposure is hypothesized (controversially) to contribute to asthma development and to trigger symptoms in patients with asthma. The ubiquity of environmental fungal exposure makes a careful review of evidence essential. Evidence that exposure to high concentrations of fungal spores, antigens, or metabolites is associated with asthma development is limited. However, because mechanisms of asthma genesis are poorly understood, so too are the mechanisms of this potential association. This association is not proof of causality. Stronger evidence supports the hypothesis that fungal exposure triggers symptoms in asthmatic individuals. Proposed mechanisms have been tested and correlations between exposure and symptoms demonstrated. Though some correlations remain speculative, controlled studies could test such hypotheses. Because asthma is common and fungal exposure is ubiquitous, it is surprising that asthmatics don't have more symptoms when exposed to fungi. Fortunately, symptoms are dose dependent, creating an opportunity to develop clinically effective interventions. Given the right guidance, even patients with severe asthma can create healthy indoor environments.

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“…However, except for the airborne bacteria measured at the driver's seat, all concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were higher than outdoors. Because the indoor/outdoor concentration ratio of airborne bacteria and fungi pollution is above one, the pollution must come from indoor contaminants 28,29) , indoor air quality should be continuously controlled. The subway drivers' seats were expected to have a higher concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi compared to the station offices, ticket offices and bedrooms, since they are located at a lower level the other areas.…”

Section: Concentration Distribution Of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Level and Distribution Characteristics of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Stations

Kim

et al. 2011

Ind Health

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Abstract:The exposure level and distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi were assessed in the workers' activity areas (station office, bedroom, ticket office and driver's seat) and passengers' activity areas (station precinct, inside the passenger carriage, and platform) of the Seoul metropolitan subway. Among investigated areas, the levels of airborne bacteria and fungi in the workers' bedroom and station precincts were relatively high. No significant difference was found in the concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi between the underground and above ground activity areas of the subway. The genera identified in all subway activity areas with a 5% or greater detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium for airborne bacteria and Penicillium, Cladosporium, Chrysosporium, Aspergillus for airborne fungi. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus comprised over 50% of the total airborne bacteria and Penicillium and Cladosporium comprised over 60% of the total airborne fungi, thus these four genera are the predominant genera in the subway station.

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Indoor Mold Spore Exposure: Characteristics of 127 Homes in Southern California with Endogenous Mold Problems

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Long term trends in outdoor Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations in Derby, UK from 1970 to 2003 and a comparative study in 1994 and 1996 with the indoor air of two local houses

Long term trends in outdoor Aspergillus/Penicillium spore concentrations in Derby, UK from 1970 to 2003 and a comparative study in 1994 and 1996 with the indoor air of two local houses

Importance of mold allergy in asthma

Exposure Level and Distribution Characteristics of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Stations

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