Indoor inhalation intake fractions of fine particulate matter: review of influencing factors

Abstract

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a major contributor to the global human disease burden. The indoor environment is of particular importance when considering the health effects associated with PM 2.5 exposures because people spend the majority of their time indoors and PM 2.5 exposures per unit mass emitted indoors are two to three orders of magnitude larger than exposures to outdoor emissions. Variability in indoor PM 2.5 intake fraction ( ), which is defined as the integrated cumulative intake of PM 2.5 per unit of emission, is driven by a combination of building-specific, human-specific, and pollutant-specific factors. Due to a limited availability of data characterizing these factors, however, indoor emissions and intake of PM 2.5are not commonly considered when evaluating the environmental performance of product life cycles. With the aim of addressing this barrier, a literature review was conducted and data characterizing factors influencing were compiled. In addition to providing data for the calculation of in various indoor environments and for a range geographic regions, this paper discusses remaining limitations to the incorporation of PM 2.5 -derived health impacts into life cycle assessments and makes recommendations regarding future research. Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Practical ImplicationsThis paper reviews and summarizes the factors that influence indoor inhalation intake fraction of fine particulate matter, with a focus on primary particle emissions indoors. It provides valuable data for the calculation of indoor inhalation intake fraction for a range of indoor environments and contributes to the effort to incorporate PM 2.5 -derived health impacts into life cycle assessment.

A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products

“…Sensitivity analyses within previous studies suggested that the air ventilation rate is often the most 1211 important parameter, and to a lesser extent degradation rates in air and on surfaces, boundary layer 1212 thickness over surfaces, water solubility, molecular weight, vapor pressure, Henry's law constant, logK ow , 1213 partition coefficients between compartments (Bennett and Furtaw, 2004;Isaacs et al, 2014;Weschler 1214 andZhang et al, 2014) and number of occupants (Hodas et al, 2015). While most of 1215 these parameters are chemical-specific, the air ventilation rate, boundary layer thickness and number of 1216…”

“…indoor surfaces or be suspended in indoor air. Sources of indoor particles include ventilation from 1168 outdoor air, track-in of outdoor soil , combustion processes such as cooking and 1169 smoking, cleaning activities (Nazaroff, 2004), abrasion of room materials (Liagkouridis et al, 2014) and 1170 formation of secondary organic aerosols from reactions between ozone and VOCs emitted indoors 1171 (Hodas et al, 2015), while removal processes include ventilation to outdoor air and vacuum cleaning 1172 . Indoor particles can go through various dynamic processes, such as deposition, 1173 resuspension, coagulation, and phase change, which have been reviewed by Nazaroff (Nazaroff, 2004).…”

Extensive evaluation and classification of low‐cost dust sensors in laboratory using a newly developed test method

“…Air pollution associated with PM concentrations has been studied significantly on its adverse effects . Fine airborne particles, PM 2.5 (particle size less than or equal to 2.5 μm), have been considered one of the highest health risks, causing numerous diseases including lung cancer, arrhythmia, asthma, pneumonitis, and cardiovascular mortality . The first key factor for effective management of air pollution is to continuously monitor air quality by measuring PM concentrations.…”

“…1-4 Fine airborne particles, PM 2.5 (particle size less than or equal to 2.5 μm), have been considered one of the highest health risks, causing numerous diseases including lung cancer, arrhythmia, asthma, pneumonitis, and cardiovascular mortality. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The first key factor for effective management of air pollution is to continuously monitor air quality by measuring PM concentrations.Most of the government agencies in the world employ sparsely distribute monitoring stations equipped with expensive and high-quality monitoring systems. However, the stations cannot effectively and accurately represent the pollutant gradients within cities, and it is even more difficult to assess air quality in indoor environment.…”

Indoor Air Environment of a Shopping Centre Carpark: CFD Ventilation Study

“…They account for 70% of oxides of nitrogen (NO X ) emissions, 52% of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions and 23% of fine particulate (PM) emissions [1]. Exposure to high levels of these pollutants could cause health effects such as respiratory and heart diseases [2][3][4]. The occurrence of lung cancer was high with people exposed to car emissions [5] similar to those of underground carparks [6,7].…”