Indoor formaldehyde levels in residences, schools, and offices in China in the past 30 years: A systematic review

Lin, Fang; Liu, Ningrui; Liu, Wei; Mo, Jinhan; Zhao, Zhuohui; Kan, Haidong; Deng, Furong; Huang, Chen; Zhao, Bin; Zeng, Xiangang; Sun, Yuexia; Qian, Hua; Sun, Chanjuan; Guo, Jianguo; Zheng, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yinping

doi:10.1111/ina.13141

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Formaldehyde is widely distributed in the environment into which it is released during natural processes and anthropogenic human activity [ 34 , 39 , 40 ]. The concentration of formaldehyde in closed rooms is higher than in open spaces because it is released from building materials containing formaldehyde-based resins, for example, from wooden plywood, which can cause sick building syndrome [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Another source of formaldehyde is cooking, in particular frying [ 34 , 36 , 44 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Sensors For the Detection Of Chemical Carcin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens Causing Leukemia

Kowalczyk

Zarychta

Lejman

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The incidence and mortality due to neoplastic diseases have shown an increasing tendency over the years. Based on GLOBOCAN 2020 published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), leukemias are the thirteenth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, with 78.6% of leukemia cases diagnosed in countries with a very high or high Human Development Index (HDI). Carcinogenesis is a complex process initiated by a mutation in DNA that may be caused by chemical carcinogens present in polluted environments and human diet. The IARC has identified 122 human carcinogens, e.g., benzene, formaldehyde, pentachlorophenol, and 93 probable human carcinogens, e.g., styrene, diazinone. The aim of the following review is to present the chemical carcinogens involved or likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia and to summarize the latest reports on the possibility of detecting these compounds in the environment or food with the use of electrochemical sensors.

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Section: Electrochemical Sensors For the Detection Of Chemical Carcin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens Causing Leukemia

Kowalczyk

Zarychta

Lejman

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Recognized as a carcinogenic substance by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), HCHO has been linked to various adverse health impacts, including eye, nose, and throat irritation, respiratory difficulties, headaches, and allergic reactions. − Long-term exposure to HCHO can result in serious health consequences, including cancer. To mitigate these health risks, the Chinese indoor air quality standard (GB/T 18883-2022) for HCHO is 0.08 mg/m 3 . The regulation of HCHO in indoor air is crucial for maintaining public health, and it is therefore imperative to continuously make technological developments in its monitoring and control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To mitigate these health risks, the Chinese indoor air quality standard (GB/T 18883-2022) for HCHO is 0.08 mg/m 3 . 9 The regulation of HCHO in indoor air is crucial for maintaining public health, and it is therefore imperative to continuously make technological developments in its monitoring and control.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Structure Analysis and Formaldehyde Removal Mechanism of Lotus Shell Biochar: An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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The adsorption of gaseous HCHO by raw lotus shell biochar carbonized at 500, 700, and 900 °C from the perspective of its internal crystal structure and surface functional groups was investigated by an integrated approach of experiments and density functional theory calculations. The results showed that lotus shell biochar carbonized at 700 °C had the best adsorption effect at a HCHO concentration of 10.50 ± 0.30 mg/m 3 , with an adsorption removal rate of 87.64%. The HCHO removal efficiency by lotus shell biochar carbonized at 500 and 900 °C was determined to be 80.96 and 83.07%, respectively. The HCHO adsorption on lotus shell biochar carbonized at 700 °C conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and was predominantly controlled by chemical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm was the underlying mechanism for the monomolecular layer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.329 mg/g. The density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption of HCHO on the surface of CaCO 3 and KCl in lotus shell biochar carbonized at 700 °C was a chemical adsorption process, with adsorption energies ranging from −64.375 to −87.554 kJ/mol. The strong interaction between HCHO and the surface was attributed to the electron transfer from HCHO to the surface, facilitated by metal atoms (Ca or K) and the oxygen atoms of HCHO. The carboxyl group on the surface of lotus shell biochar carbonized at 700 °C was identified as the key functional group responsible for HCHO adsorption. This study advanced our understanding of the environmental functions of inorganic crystals and surface functional groups in raw biochar and will enable the further development of biochar materials in environmental applications.

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“…Formaldehyde air levels found in homes ranged from 9.7 to 47.7 µg/m 3 , while outside, the concentrations ranged from 0.96 to 3.37 µg/m 3 [20]. Formaldehyde levels inside newly renovated homes in China averaged 153 g/m 3 from 2011 to 2015 [21]. Formaldehyde can irritate the eyes, sinuses, and mouth, even at low concentrations [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Air Pollutants in the Indoor Air of a General Store

Tepeneu,

Lupitu,

Surdea-Blaga

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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This research investigates different facets of indoor air quality and the corresponding health symptoms within a retail environment. Formaldehyde, classified as a Group B carcinogenic substance, was found within safe limits indoors, primarily originating from surface coatings, flooring products, textiles, and furniture. Monoterpenes, lactic acid, and particulate matter levels were also assessed, with varying indoor–outdoor ratios. Notably, we identified a relatively low concentration of PM2.5, possibly influenced by enhanced cleaning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Symptom assessment revealed that many young workers experienced work-related symptoms, notably fatigue, nose-, throat-, and skin-related issues, aligning with previous findings. Although we could not conclusively link these symptoms to sick building syndrome (SBS) or formaldehyde exposure, it underscores the importance of further investigation. Notably, we observed no gender-based differences in symptom prevalence, but this study’s limited size requires caution in generalization. This study contributes to understanding indoor air quality and associated symptoms in an economically significant sector, emphasizing the need for continued research, especially considering the potential impact on workforce health in the broader context.

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Indoor formaldehyde levels in residences, schools, and offices in China in the past 30 years: A systematic review

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens Causing Leukemia

Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens Causing Leukemia

Surface Structure Analysis and Formaldehyde Removal Mechanism of Lotus Shell Biochar: An Experimental and Theoretical Perspective

Variability of Air Pollutants in the Indoor Air of a General Store

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