Indoor Emissions of Carbonaceous Aerosol and Other Air Pollutants from Household Fuel Burning in Southwest China

Abstract

Field campaigns were conducted to determine indoor emissions of carbonaceous aerosols and other air pollutants from household fuel burning in southwest China. "1-h peak" concentrations of CO, PM 1.0 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 14.0 ppm, 200, 220, and 260 µg/m 3 for wood and 10.3 ppm, 80, 110, and 180 µg/m 3 for coal, respectively. Daily average levels of CO, PM 1.0 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 5.7 ppm, 100, 110, and 160 µg/m 3 for wood and 6.0 ppm, 50, 70, and 100 µg/m 3 for coal, respectively. For wood and coal, particle size distribution show a prominent Aitken mode with peaks at around 40-80 nm. Emission factors of BC and OC were 0.57 and 2.69 g/kg for wood and 0.01 and 0.31 g/kg for coal, respectively. The total BC emissions from wood and coal (anthracite) burning in China were 63.3 Gg in 2000 and 81.6 Gg in 2005, respectively.

Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome-Related Symptoms among Hospital Workers in Confined and Open Working Spaces

“…In this study, we also found a significant negative association between CO 2 concentration and SBS-related symptoms. However, CO 2 concentration was higher in confined spaces than in open spaces, which is inconsistent with the results of the previous study, since the confined and open spaces in this study were all mechanically ventilated (Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Particulate matter chemical component concentrations and sources in settings of household solid fuel use

“…No major between‐study trends in carbonaceous aerosol, ion, or metal mass concentrations by fuel type were observed. While our literature review identified studies with greater EC and OC emissions factors from woodstoves than from coal stoves, the laboratory‐based literature suggests that coal emissions are highly dependent on coal characteristics . We also found that household burning of cow dung and potentially crop residues results in higher PAH mass concentrations than wood or coal, with coal concentrations exceeding wood.…”

“… Organic carbon/elemental carbon ratios were generally higher when measured in cooking areas than in emissions plumes, possibly because of longer measurement durations that captured PM across different combustion phases or allowed for greater contributions of other PM sources with high OC/EC ratios such as road dust (OC/EC ratio: 13.1; Table S3). Coal burning produced lower OC/EC ratios than wood burning in two studies of cooking area PM concentrations and one study of stove emissions, although coal produced substantially higher OC/EC ratios than wood in two stove emissions studies (eg, 10.6 for coal and 2.9 for wood). Notably, in laboratory measurements of solid fuel stove emissions, OC/EC ratios were moderately to substantially greater for coal than wood (wood: 0.83; coal: 1.81‐27.7), regardless of coal type .…”

“…Stove type was an important variable influencing emissions factors, with “improved” stoves (eg, stoves with forced‐draft technology) typically emitting lower levels of both EC and OC. In China, higher emissions factors for both EC and OC were observed for woodstoves compared with coal stoves . For example, Shen et al .…”

Influence of Molding Technology on Thermal Efficiencies and Pollutant Emissions from Household Solid Fuel Combustion during Cooking Activities in Chinese Rural Areas

“…5 EFs between solid fuel characterized by high volatile content (e.g., bituminous or lignite) and low volatile content (e.g., anthracite) [14,16]. The argument has been sufficiently backed up by further studies: the concentrations of PM 2.5 , 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and BaP were generally in the order of smokeless coal < smoky coal < wood < crop residue [15,17,18]. This can be explained by the fact that more volatile matter aggravates the instability of fuel's combustion during ignition and pyrolysis stages [19].…”