Indoor bacterial load and its correlation to physical indoor air quality parameters in public primary schools

Andualem, Zewudu; Gizaw, Zemichael; Bogale, Laekemariam

doi:10.1186/s40248-018-0167-y

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Regardless of the existence of many reports on MIAQ in educational buildings [2,3,11,[23][24][25][26], studies on potential risks of exposure to BA in gyms situated in academic environments during physical education or exercise lessons are very limited [18,[27][28][29]. Additionally, there is still a shortage of information on the transmission of antimicrobial resistance through the air [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Air Quality in a Highschool Gym Located in an Urban Area of Southern Poland—Preliminary Research

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The benefits of regular exercise include improved physical and mental health. The school gym is a particular micro-environment where students perform intensive physical training. The question is if there is an increased risk of microbiological contamination. This preliminary work studied the exposure of students to bacterial aerosol (BA) in a highschool gym located in an urban area of Southern Poland. A sampling of BA was undertaken with an Andersen six-stage impactor (ANDI). BA was identified using API (analytical profile index) tests. The BA concentrations were expressed as Colony Forming Units (CFU) per cubic metre of air. The results showed that before gym classes (BGC), the concentration of BA was 4.20 × 102 ± 49.19 CFU/m3, while during gym classes (DGC), the level of BA more than doubled (8.75 × 102 ± 121.39 CFU/m3). There was also an increase in the respirable fraction of BA (particles less than 3.3 µm). Before the start of the sports activities, respirable fraction accounted for 30% of the BA, while during physical education classes, this share increased to over 80%. Identification of BA species showed that the dominant group of bacteria in the indoor air of the gym BGC was Gram-positive rods (61%) and for DGC it was Gram-positive cocci (81%). We detected that one bacteria strain (Corynebacterium striatum) was classified into risk group 2 (RG2) according to Directive 2000/54/EC. Additionally, multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) showed that among the isolated airborne bacteria, the highest antibiotic resistance was demonstrated by Staphylococcus epidermis (isolated DGC) and Pseudomonas sp. (isolated BGC). The quantitative and qualitative information on microbiological air quality (MIAQ) in the school gym indicates that the actions to improve indoor physical activity spaces are recommended.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Air Quality in a Highschool Gym Located in an Urban Area of Southern Poland—Preliminary Research

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Study design and study area : Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess indoor culturable fungal load and its associated factors in public primary school classrooms in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. The details of the method (study setting, sample size determination, and sampling technique) are presented well elsewhere (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Culturable Fungal Load and Associated Factors among Public Primary School Classrooms in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: A Cross-sectional Study

Andualem¹,

Gizaw²

2019

Ethiop J Health Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundFungi are heavy threats to public health in indoor environments, particularly in residential buildings, offices, and schools where people spend a lot of time indoors. This study was conducted to investigate the load of culturable fungi and associated factors in a school indoor environment.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in eight public primary school classrooms in Gondar City from March to April 2018. Settle plate technique was used to determine the culturable fungal load. Log transformed linear regression analysis was employed. The beta-coefficient with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the degree and direction of the association with a p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe highest and the lowest mean culturable fungal loads recorded were 1140.29 CFU/m3 and 211.25 CFU/m3, respectively. Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton, Rhizopus, Alternaria and Fusarium species were isolated. Age of buildings (β= -0.122, 95%CI -0.238,-0.007), area of classroom (β= 0.639, 95% CI 0.285, 0.993), temperature (β= -0.189, 95% CI -0.325,-0.047), humidity (β= -0.023, 95% CI -0.043, -0.002) and PM10 (β= -0.01, 95% CI -0.015,-0.005) were associated with culturable fungal load.ConclusionsHigh culturable fungal load was found in school classrooms in Gondar City. Age of buildings, area of classrooms, temperature, humidity, and PM10 were predictors of the culturable fungal load. Therefore, proficient corrective methods are needed to combat the problem of indoor air quality in a school indoor environment by controlling factors contributing to growth of fungi.

show abstract

“…With major modifications, open plate method of Andualem et al [1] was used to isolate bacteria from Onyearugbulem and FUTA slaughtering environments. Sterilized agar plates were exposed to different locations for a period of 30 minutes.…”

Section: Isolation and Enumeration Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Air Quality and Antibiogram Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates of Akure City Abattoirs, Nigeria

Olusola-Makinde

2019

Int. Ann. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air sampling of Onyearugbulem and FUTA abattoirs was carried out to evaluate their quality. Air sampling was done using the open-settling method on general and selective agar media of the gutter, sleeping bench, slaughtering floor dumpsite, slaughtering table and roof of the abattoirs. Using standard methods, Presumptive identification of the bacterial isolates was carried out. An array of ten (10) conventional antibiotics was used to assay the antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of the bacterial isolates. Multiple antibiotic sensitivity index (MARI) was determined for isolated bacteria. At Onyearugbulem abattoir, the total Escherichia coli count ranged from 3.6×10 cfu/ml from the gutter and slaughtering table to 6.5×10 cfu/ml from the slaughtering floor, while the total bacterial count ranged from 1.34×102 cfu/ml from dumpsite to 2.55×102 cfu/ml from the gutter, the total coliform count ranged from 2.8× 10 cfu/ml from slaughtering floor to 4.1×10 cfu/ml from sleeping bench. Several bacteria were presumptively isolated. These include: Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes and Aeromonas sp. Ciprofloxacin (10 µg) had an inhibitory effect on all the Gram positive bacterial isolates with the highest inhibitory activity on S. aureus at 24.00 mm, and the Gram negative bacteria with the highest inhibitory activity on E. coli at 21.00 mm. Micrococcus sp. had the highest MARI of 0.8. These findings reveal the presence of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria in Onyearugbulem and FUTA abattoirs’ atmosphere. There is therefore need for routine environmental sanitation of the slaughterhouses.

show abstract

Indoor bacterial load and its correlation to physical indoor air quality parameters in public primary schools

Cited by 51 publications

References 21 publications

Microbiological Air Quality in a Highschool Gym Located in an Urban Area of Southern Poland—Preliminary Research

Microbiological Air Quality in a Highschool Gym Located in an Urban Area of Southern Poland—Preliminary Research

Indoor Culturable Fungal Load and Associated Factors among Public Primary School Classrooms in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: A Cross-sectional Study

Outdoor Air Quality and Antibiogram Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates of Akure City Abattoirs, Nigeria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About